אֲנִי ה' הוּא שְׁמִי, וּכְבוֹדִי לְאַחֵר
Speech That Lights the Way Back
Speaking words of Torah aloud becomes a light that shows a person every place where he needs to do teshuvah, until he reaches the depth of the Torah. That shining speech comes only when the honour of Hashem is complete, through humility; pride is like idol worship, closes the mouth and lengthens the exile. The way to true humility is guarding the covenant in two ways, like Shabbos and like the weekdays, the higher and lower unity, as hinted in Rabbah bar bar Chanah's story of the bird standing in the sea.
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- Part 1: Speech That Lights the Way Back ▶ Play⬇ 10.2 MB
- Part 2: Humility Opens the Mouth ▶ Play⬇ 8.9 MB
- Part 3: Thirty-Nine Lights, and Two Kinds of Enough ▶ Play⬇ 8.4 MB
- Part 4: Halacha and Kabbalah, Trees and Grasses ▶ Play⬇ 9.0 MB
- Part 5: The Bird with Its Head in the Sky ▶ Play⬇ 8.1 MB
- Part 6: Why the Exile Is Long, and the Ziz of the Field ▶ Play⬇ 10.5 MB
הַמָּקוֹר · Original text
אֲנִי ה' הוּא שְׁמִי, וּכְבוֹדִי לְאַחֵר לֹא אֶתֵּן, וּתְהִלָּתִי לַפְּסִילִים: (ישעיהו מ״ב:ח׳)
א כִּי יֵשׁ יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, הַיְנוּ: "שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל", וּ"בָרוּךְ שֵׁם כְּבוֹד מַלְכוּתוֹ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד" (זוהר בראשית דף יח:), וְכָל אֶחָד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה נַעֲשֶׂה זֹאת עַל־יָדוֹ, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה יָכוֹל לָבוֹא לִתְבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה לְעָמְקָהּ;
כִּי מִי שֶׁהוּא בְּמַדְרֵגָה פְּחוּתָה, הוּא עֲדַיִן רָחוֹק מִתְּבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה, רַק עַל־יְדֵי אֶמְצָעוּת הַדִּבּוּר יָכוֹל לָבוֹא לִתְבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה לְעָמְקָהּ, הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי שֶׁהוּא מְדַבֵּר בְּהַתּוֹרָה בְּדִבּוּרִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (משלי ד׳:כ״ב): כִּי חַיִּים הֵם לְמוֹצָאֵיהֶם – לְמוֹצִיאֵיהֶם בַּפֶּה (כשארז"ל עירובין נד.),
מֵאִיר לוֹ הַדִּבּוּר בְּכָל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (ברכות כב.): פְּתַח פִּיךָ וְיָאִירוּ דְּבָרֶיךָ. וּבְכָל פַּעַם וּפַעַם, עַל־יְדֵי כָּל תְּשׁוּבָה וּתְשׁוּבָה, הוּא הוֹלֵךְ מִמַּדְרֵגָה לְמַדְרֵגָה, עַד שֶׁיּוֹצֵא מִמַּדְרֵגָה פְּחוּתָה וּבָא לִתְבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה לְעָמְקָהּ.
וְזֶה שֶׁשָּׁאֲלוּ יוֹחָנִי וּמַמְרֵא לְמשֶׁה (מנחות פה.): תֶּבֶן אַתָּה מַכְנִיס לַעֲפָרַיִם, וְהֵשִׁיב לָהֶם: אָמְרֵי אֱנָשֵׁי, לְמָתָא יַרְקָא, יַרְקָא שְׁקֻל. תֶּבֶן זֶה בְּחִינַת תְּבוּנָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (משלי ב): תְּבוּנָה תִנְצְרֶךָּ, שֶׁהֵם הֵבִינוּ שֶׁמֹּשֶׁה רוֹצֶה לְהַכְנִיס תְּבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְעַל כֵּן שָׁאֲלוּ, כִּי בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל עוֹשִׂין רְצוֹנוֹ שֶׁל מָקוֹם הֵם מְשׁוּלִים לְעָפָר, וְאֵיךְ יוּכַל לַהֲבִיאָם לְמַדְרֵגָה גְּבוֹהָה, לִתְבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה.
וְזֶה: תֶּבֶן – לְשׁוֹן תְּבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה, אַתָּה מַכְנִיס לַעֲפָרַיִם – זֶה בְּחִינַת עָפָר, הַיְנוּ מַדְרֵגָה פְּחוּתָה. הֵשִׁיב לָהֶם: אָמְרֵי אֱנָשֵׁי – הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי הָאֲמִירוֹת, עַל־יְדֵי הַדִּבּוּר שֶׁל אִישׁ הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִי, הוּא מֵאִיר לוֹ לְכָל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה. וְזֶהוּ: לְמָתָא יַרְקָא – לַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה. יַרְקָא – הוּא בְּחִינַת תְּשׁוּבָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ בַּמִּדְרָשׁ (ב"ר פרשה מג): וַיָּרֶק אֶת חֲנִיכָו – אוֹרִיקָן בְּפָרָשַׁת שׁוֹפְטִים, הַיְנוּ שֶׁזֵּרְזָם לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה, כִּי פָּרָשַׁת שׁוֹפְטִים נֶאֱמַר עַל תְּשׁוּבָה: מִי הָאִישׁ הַיָּרֵא וְרַךְ הַלֵּבָב – הַיָּרֵא מֵעֲבֵרוֹת שֶׁבְּיָדוֹ (כשארז"ל סוטה מג).
וְזֶהוּ: אָמְרֵי אֱנָשֵׁי: לְמָתָא יַרְקָא – הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי הָאֲמִירוֹת וְהַדִּבּוּר שֶׁל אִישׁ הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִי, לְמָתָא יַרְקָא, לַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה, יָאִיר לוֹ הַדִּבּוּר, שֶׁיּוּכַל לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה. וְזֶה: יַרְקָא שְׁקֻל – בְּחִינַת תְּשׁוּבַת הַמִּשְׁקָל, שֶׁהַדִּבּוּר יָאִיר לוֹ שֶׁיּוּכַל לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבַת הַמִּשְׁקָל מַמָּשׁ:
ב אַךְ לַדִּבּוּר שֶׁיָּאִיר לוֹ, אִי אֶפְשָׁר לִזְכּוֹת כִּי אִם עַל־יְדֵי כָּבוֹד, הַיְנוּ שֶׁיִּרְאֶה שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כְּבוֹד הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ בִּשְׁלֵמוּת, שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כְּבוֹדוֹ לְאַיִן נֶגֶד כְּבוֹד הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ, הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי עֲנָוָה וְקַטְנוּת. כִּי עִקַּר בְּחִינַת הַדִּבּוּר הוּא מִכָּבוֹד, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (תהילים כ״ד:י׳): מִי הוּא זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד – הַיְנוּ מַלְכוּת פֶּה.
כִּי כְּשֶׁהַתּוֹרָה בָּאָה לְתוֹךְ דִּבּוּרִים פְּגוּמִים, לְפֶה פָּגוּם, לֹא דַּי שֶׁאֵין דִּבּוּרֵי הַתּוֹרָה מְאִירִים לוֹ כִּי אִם גַּם הַתּוֹרָה עַצְמָהּ נִתְגַּשֵּׁם וְנִתְחַשֵּׁךְ שָׁם מִפִּיו, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (יהושע א׳:ח׳): לֹא יָמוּשׁ סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה הַזֶּה מִפִּיךָ, בְּחִינַת וְיָמֵשׁ חשֶׁךְ (שמות י׳:כ״א), הַיְנוּ שֶׁלֹּא יִתְגַּשְּׁמוּ וְיִתְחַשְּׁכוּ מִפִּיךָ, כִּי עַל־יְדֵי שֶׁאֵין מַשְׁגִּיחִין שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כְּבוֹד הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ בִּשְׁלֵמוּת, הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי גַּדְלוּת, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה אֵין יְכוֹלִין לִפְתֹּחַ פֶּה, בִּבְחִינַת (תהילים י״ז:י׳): סָגְרוּ פִּימוֹ דִּבְּרוּ בְגֵאוּת; כְּמַעֲשֶׂה דְּלֵוִי בַּר סִיסָא, שֶׁהֶעֱלוּהוּ לַבִּימָה, וְטָפַת רוּחוֹ עָלָיו, וְלֹא אֲנִיבוּן (ירושלמי יבמות פי"ב).
כִּי עַל־יְדֵי הַגֵּאוּת, הוּא בְּחִינַת עֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים, וּבַעֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים כְּתִיב: פְּסִילֵי אֱלֹקֵיהֶם תִּשְׂרְפוּן בָּאֵשׁ (דברים ז׳:כ״ה), וְכָל הָעוֹמֵד לִשְׂרֹף כְּשָׂרוּף דָּמֵי, וְכִתוּתֵי מִכְתָּת שִׁעוּרֵהּ, כַּמּוּבָא בַּגְּמָרָא (ר"ה כח.) לְעִנְיַן שׁוֹפָר שֶׁל עֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים; וְכֵיוָן שֶׁמִּכְתָּת כָּתִית שִׁעוּרֵהּ, אֵין לוֹ כְּלֵי הַדִּבּוּר לְדַבֵּר עִמָּהֶם.
אַךְ כְּשֶׁהוּא נִזְהָר וְשׁוֹמֵר כְּבוֹד ה' שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בִּשְׁלֵמוּת, שֶׁהוּא נִבְזֶה בְעֵינָיו נִמְאָס, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה יוּכַל לְדַבֵּר דִּבּוּרִים הַמְּאִירִים, בִּבְחִינַת (יחזקאל מ״ג:ב׳): וְהָאָרֶץ הֵאִירָה מִכְּבוֹדוֹ, וְהֵם מְאִירִים לוֹ לִתְשׁוּבָה, וְיָכוֹל לָבוֹא לִתְבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה לְעָמְקָהּ כַּנַּ"ל:
ג וְכָבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת אֵינוֹ כִּי אִם עַל־יְדֵי וָא"ו שֶׁיַּמְשִׁיךְ לְתוֹכָהּ, כִּי בְּלֹא וָא"ו נִשְׁאָר כְּבַד פֶּה, וְעַל־יְדֵי וָא"ו הוּא בִּבְחִינַת (תהילים ל׳:י״ג): כָּבוֹד וְלֹא יִדֹּם.
כִּי כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וָא"ו, הוּא מוֹסִיף (פסחים ה.), הַיְנוּ בְּחִינַת תּוֹסְפוֹת קְדֻשָּׁה, הַיְנוּ שְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית, כְּמַאֲמַר חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה: כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאַתָּה מוֹצֵא גֶּדֶר עֶרְוָה, אַתָּה מוֹצֵא קְדֻשָּׁה (מ"ר קדושים פ' כ"ה, הובא ברש"י), כִּי זֶה תָּלוּי בָּזֶה, גֵּאוּת וְנִאוּף, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (סוטה ד:) עַל פָּסוּק (משלי ו׳:כ״ו): וְאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ נֶפֶשׁ יְקָרָה תָּצוּד.
וְעַל כֵּן בְּרִית מְכֻנָּה בְּשֵׁם שַׁדַּ"י, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (בראשית ל״ה:י״א): אֲנִי קֵ-ל שַׁ-דַּ-י, פְּרֵה וּרְבֵה; כִּי שַׁ-דַּ-י הוּא בְּחִינַת שֶׁיֵּשׁ דַּי בֶּאֱלֹקוּתִי לְכָל בְּרִיָּה (כמובא בפרש"י לך לך יז), וּכְשֶׁאֵינוֹ שׁוֹמֵר הַבְּרִית, הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי גֵּאוּת, הוּא עוֹשֶׂה לְעַצְמוֹ עֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים, הוּא מַרְאֶה שֶׁאֵין דַּי לוֹ בֶּאֱלֹקוּתוֹ, עַד שֶׁצָּרִיךְ עֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים, וְעַל כֵּן פּוֹגֵם בְּשַׁ-דַּ-י, שֶׁיֵּשׁ דַּי בֶּאֱלֹקוּתוֹ לְכָל בְּרִיָּה; וּכְשֶׁשּׁוֹמֵר הַבְּרִית, הוּא זוֹכֶה לָאוֹר הַמֵּאִיר לוֹ לִתְשׁוּבָה כַּנַּ"ל:
ד וְאוֹר הַזֶּה הוּא בְּחִינַת טַל אוֹרוֹת הַכְּלוּלִים בַּוָּא"ו שֶׁל כָּבוֹד, בִּבְחִינַת (איוב ל״ג:כ״ט): הֶן כָּל אֵלֶּה יִפְעַל קֵ-ל פַּעֲמַיִם שָׁלוֹשׁ עִם גָּבֶר. פַּעֲמַיִם שָׁלוֹשׁ הֵם בְּחִינַת טַל אוֹרוֹת שֶׁל מִלּוּי שָׁלשׁ אוֹתִיּוֹת רִאשׁוֹנוֹת (פֵּרוּשׁ, כִּי שָׁלשׁ אוֹתִיּוֹת רִאשׁוֹנוֹת שֶׁל שֵׁם הֲוַיָה בְּמִלּוּי אַלְפִין הֵם בְּגִימַטְרִיָּא טַל, וְהֵם בְּחִינַת טַל אוֹרוֹת, וְהֵם כְּלוּלִים בְּהַוָּא"ו שֶׁל הַשֵּׁם). עִם גָּבֶר – שֶׁהֵם כְּלוּלִים בַּבְּרִית, כִּי כָּאִישׁ גְּבוּרָתוֹ, וְעַל שֵׁם זֶה נִקְרָא בְּרִית: בּוֹעַז (תיקון לא) – בּוֹ עַז, בּוֹ תֻּקְפָּא.
אֲבָל כְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ שׁוֹמֵר הַבְּרִית, הוּא מְקַלְקֵל הַ"טַּל" אוֹרוֹת וּמַמְשִׁיךְ עַל עַצְמוֹ עֹל הַפַּרְנָסָה, הַיְנוּ "טַל" מְלָאכוֹת, כַּמּוּבָא בַּזֹּהַר (פנחס דף רמד.): מָאן דְּזָרֵק פֵּרוּרִין דְּנַהֲמָא, עֲנִיּוּת רָדֵף אַבַּתְרֵהּ, כָּל־שֶׁכֵּן מָאן דְּזָרֵק פֵּרוּרִין דְּמֹחָא.
וְזֶה: בּוֹ עַז, בּוֹ כָּלוּל שְׁנֵי הַבְּחִינוֹת, הַיְנוּ ל"ט אוֹרוֹת – מִי שֶׁשּׁוֹמֵר הַבְּרִית, וְל"ט מְלָאכוֹת – מִי שֶׁפּוֹגֵם בּוֹ, כִּי עַז עִם הַכּוֹלֵל שְׁתֵּי פְּעָמִים טַל.
וְזֶה: מִשְׁכָּן מִשְׁכָּן שְׁנֵי פְּעָמִים, שְׁנֵי פְּעָמִים ל"ט, כִּי ל"ט מְלָאכוֹת גָּמְרִינַן מִמִּשְׁכָּן (כשארז"ל שבת מט:). וּמִי שֶׁשּׁוֹמֵר אֶת בְּרִיתוֹ, אַף־עַל־פִּי שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה הַל"ט מְלָאכוֹת, הֵם בִּבְחִינַת מְלֶאכֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, הַיְנוּ מִשְׁכָּן בְּבִנְיָנֵהּ, בְּחִינַת ל"ט אוֹרוֹת; אַךְ מִי שֶׁפּוֹגֵם בַּבְּרִית, הַמְּלָאכוֹת שֶׁלּוֹ הֵם בִּבְחִינַת מִשְׁכָּן בְּחֻרְבָּנֵהּ, בִּבְחִינַת ל"ט מַלְקוֹת (בהקדמת התיקונים ובתיקון מח), בְּחִינַת (דברים כ״ה:ג׳): אַרְבָּעִים יַכֶּנּוּ וְלֹא יוֹסִיף, הַיְנוּ בְּחִינַת פְּגַם הַבְּרִית, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת תּוֹסָפוֹת כַּנַּ"ל:
ה וּשְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית יֵשׁ בּוֹ שְׁנֵי בְּחִינוֹת: יֵשׁ מִי שֶׁזִּוּוּגוֹ בְּשֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, וְאַף־עַל־פִּי־כֵן הוּא שׁוֹמֵר אֶת בְּרִיתוֹ עַל־פִּי הַתּוֹרָה, שֶׁאֵינוֹ יוֹצֵא מִדִּינֵי הַתּוֹרָה; וְיֵשׁ מִי שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹמֵר הַבְּרִית, שֶׁזִּוּוּגוֹ מִשַּׁבָּת לְשַׁבָּת,
וְהוּא בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה. וְזֶה בְּחִינַת שַׁ-דַּ-י שֶׁל שַׁבָּת, שֶׁאָמַר לְעוֹלָמוֹ דַּי (ב"ר פרשה מו, חגיגה יב), שֶׁצִּמְצֵם אֶת עַצְמוֹ מִכָּל הַמְּלָאכוֹת, וְזֶה בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה.
וְיֵשׁ בְּחִינַת שַׁ-דַּ-י שֶׁל חֹל, שֶׁגַּם בְּחֹל יֵשׁ צִמְצוּמִים מִמְּלָאכָה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ, וְזֶה בְּחִינַת מט"ט, שֶׁשֻּׁלְטְנוּתֵהּ שֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, בְּחִינַת שִׁשָּׁה סִדְרֵי מִשְׁנָה (כַּמּוּבָא בַּזֹּהַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ וּבְכִּתְבֵי הָאַרִיזַ"ל) שֶׁשְּׁמוֹ כְּשֵׁם רַבּוֹ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (שמות כ״ג:כ״א): כִּי שְׁמִי בְּקִרְבּוֹ (כמובא בפירש"י שם); וְזֶה בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, הַיְנוּ שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא מַלְבִּישׁ אֶת עַצְמוֹ בְּמט"ט בְּשֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, וּמַנְהִיג הָעוֹלָם עַל־יָדוֹ:
ו וְזֶה בְּחִינַת הֲלָכָה וְקַבָּלָה: קַבָּלָה הִיא בְּחִינַת (תהילים כ״ט:ב׳): הִ'שְׁתַּחֲווּ לַ'ה' בְּ'הַדְרַת קֹ'דֶשׁ – רָאשֵׁי־תֵּבוֹת קַבָּלָה; וַהֲלָכָה הִיא בְּחִינַת (שם ק): הָ'רִיעוּ לַ'ה' כָּ'ל הָ'אָרֶץ – רָאשֵׁי־ תֵבוֹת הֲלָכָה, כַּמּוּבָא בַּכַּוָּנוֹת.
הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ לַה' בְּהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ, זֶה בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה, הַיְנוּ זִוּוּג שֶׁל שַׁבָּת, וְזֶה בְּחִינַת בְּרִית עִלָּאָה, שֶׁשָּׁם עִקַּר הַהִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָה, בִּבְחִינַת (בראשית מ״ב:ו׳): וַיָּבֹאוּ אַחֵי יוֹסֵף וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ לוֹ, וְהוּא בְּחִינַת הַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ, בִּבְחִינַת (דברים ל״ג:י״ז): בְּכוֹר שׁוֹרוֹ הָדָר לוֹ.
הָרִיעוּ לַה' כָּל הָאָרֶץ – זֶה בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, הַיְנוּ זִוּוּג שֶׁל חֹל, שֶׁהוּא בִּבְחִינַת מט"ט, שֶׁשֻּׁלְטְנוּתֵהּ שֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, שִׁשָּׁה סִדְרֵי מִשְׁנָה. וְזֶה: הָרִיעוּ (לְשׁוֹן תְּרוּעָה וְזִמְרָה), בִּבְחִינַת (ישעיהו כ״ד:ט״ז): מִכְּנַף הָאָרֶץ זְמִרֹת שָׁמַעְנוּ, כִּי מט"ט הוּא בִּבְחִינַת כָּנָף, לְשׁוֹן: וְלֹא יִכָּנֵף עוֹד מוֹרֶיךָ (שם ל), כִּי בּוֹ מִתְלַבֵּשׁ הַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא בְּשֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, כַּיָּדוּעַ:
ז וְזֶה בְּחִינַת רָזִין, וְרָזִין דְּרָזִין: רָזִין הוּא בְּחִינַת הֲלָכָה, רָזִין דְּרָזִין הוּא בְּחִינַת קַבָּלָה. הִתְלַבְּשׁוּת הַקַּבָּלָה בַּהֲלָכָה הוּא בְּחִינַת הַנְהָגַת הַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא בְּשֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה.
וְזֶה בְּחִינַת: צְבִי לַצַּדִּיק רָזִי־לִי רָזִי־לִי (סיום הפסוק מכנף הארץ הנ"ל). צְבִי לַצַּדִּיק, הַיְנוּ בְּחִינַת קְדֻשַּׁת הַזִּוּוּג, יֵשׁ בּוֹ שְׁנֵי רָזִין, הַיְנוּ יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, שֶׁהֵם בְּחִינַת הֲלָכָה וְקַבָּלָה, בְּחִינַת רָזִין וְרָזִין דְּרָזִין.
וְזֶה שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (חולין ס.): 'יְהִי כְבוֹד ה' לְעוֹלָם' שַׂר הָעוֹלָם אֲמָרוֹ. בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא לָאִילָנוֹת: לְמִינֵהוּ, נָשְׂאוּ דְּשָׁאִים קַל־וָחֹמֶר בְּעַצְמָן: מָה אִילָנוֹת, שֶׁהֵם גְּבוֹהִים וְאֵינָם תְּכוּפִים, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ־ בָּרוּךְ־הוּא "לְמִינֵהוּ", כָּל שֶׁכֵּן אֲנַן, שֶׁאָנוּ קְטַנִּים וּתְכוּפִים, שֶׁצְּרִיכִים לָצֵאת לְמִינֵהוּ. פָּתַח שַׂר הָעוֹלָם וְאָמַר: יְהִי כְבוֹד ה' לְעוֹלָם.
כִּי בֶּאֱמֶת גַּם הַגְּדוֹלִים, שֶׁזִּוּוּגָן אֵינָם תְּכוּפִים, רַק מִשַּׁבָּת לְשַׁבָּת, גַּם לָהֶם הִזְהִירָה הַתּוֹרָה עַל שְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית, שֶׁיִּשְׁמְרוּ אֶת עַצְמָן, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (שמות ל״א:ט״ז): וְשָׁמְרוּ בְ'נֵי יִ'שְׂרָאֵל אֶ'ת הַ'שַּׁבָּת – רָאשֵׁי־תֵּבוֹת בִּיאָה, כַּמּוּבָא בַּכַּוָּנוֹת. הַיְנוּ אַף־עַל־פִּי שֶׁזִּוּוּגוֹ הוּא רַק מִשַּׁבָּת לְשַׁבָּת, אַף־עַל־פִּי־כֵן צָרִיךְ שְׁמִירָה גְּדוֹלָה, בְּחִינַת: וְשָׁמְרוּ וְכוּ';
כָּל שֶׁכֵּן הַקְּטַנִּים, שֶׁהֵם בְּחִינַת דְּשָׁאִין, שֶׁזִּוּוּגָם תְּכוּפִים, גַּם בְּשֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, מִכָּל שֶׁכֵּן שֶׁצְּרִיכִים שְׁמִירָה גְּדוֹלָה לִשְׁמֹר אֶת בְּרִיתָם, שֶׁיִּשְׁמְרוּ אֶת עַצְמָם עַל־פִּי הַתּוֹרָה, בִּבְחִינַת: לְמִינֵיהֶם.
מִיָּד כְּשֶׁשָּׁמַע שַׂר הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁהוּא מט"ט, שֶׁשֻּׁלְטְנוּתֵהּ שֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, בְּחִינַת דְּשָׁאִים, בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, פָּתַח וְאָמַר: יְהִי כְבוֹד ה' – כְּבוֹד דַּיְקָא, כִּי עַל־יְדֵי שְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית בִּשְׁנֵי הַבְּחִינוֹת הַנַּ"ל, הַכָּבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת כַּנַּ"ל.
נִמְצָא, שֶׁעַל־יְדֵי שְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית בִּשְׁנֵי הַבְּחִינוֹת הַנַּ"ל, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, הַיְנוּ מֵאִילָנוֹת וּדְשָׁאִים, גְּדוֹלִים וּקְטַנִּים, זִוּוּג שֶׁל שַׁבָּת וְזִוּוּג שֶׁל חֹל, בְּחִינַת הֲלָכָה וְקַבָּלָה, רָזִין וְרָזִין דְּרָזִין, אֲזַי הַכָּבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת כַּנַּ"ל, וְעַל־יְדֵי הַכָּבוֹד זוֹכֶה לְדִבּוּר הַמֵּאִיר, וְעַל־יְדֵי הַדִּבּוּר יָכוֹל לָבוֹא לִתְבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה לְעָמְקָהּ כַּנַּ"ל:
וְזֶה שֶׁאָמַר רַבָּה בַּר בַּר־חָנָה: זִמְנָא חֲדָא הֲוֵי אָזְלִינַן בִּסְפִינְתָּא, וַחֲזָאִי לְהַאי צִפָּרְתָּא, דַּהֲוֵי קָאֵי עַד קַרְסֻלֵּהּ בְּמַיָּא, וְרֵישֵׁהּ בָּרָקִיעַ. וְאָמְרִינַן לֵית מַיָּא, וּבָעֵינַן לְמֵיחַת לַאֲקוּרֵי נַפְשִׁין. נְפַק בְּרַת־קָלָא וְאָמַר לָן: לָא תְּחוּתוּ לְהָכָא, דִּנְפַלָא לֵהּ חֲצִינָא לְבַר־נַגָּרָא הָכָא הָא שְׁבַע שְׁנִין, וְלָא מָטֵי לְאַרְעָא. וְלָא מִשּׁוּם דִּנְפִישָׁא מַיָּא, אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם דִּרְדִיפָא מַיָּא. אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי: הַאי זִיז שָׂדַי הוּא, דִּכְתִיב: וְזִיז שָׂדַי עִמָּדִי:
צִפָּרְתָּא זֶה בְּחִינַת הַדִּבּוּר, שֶׁהוּא אֶמְצָעִי בֵּין הָאָדָם, שֶׁהוּא נִתְהַוֶּה מִמַּיִּין דּוּכְרִין וְנוּקְבִין, וּבֵין הַשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת תְּבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה, כַּמּוּבָא (במ"ר ויקרא טז, ובערכין טז:) עַל מְצֹרָע שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְהָבִיא שְׁנֵי צִפֳּרִים, יָבוֹא פַּטָּטַיָּא וִיכַפֵּר עַל פַּטָּטַיָּא. וְזֶהוּ:
דְּקָאֵי עַד קַרְסֻלֵּהּ בְּמַיָּא – כִּי מֵאַחַר שֶׁהַדִּבּוּר צָרִיךְ לְהָאִיר לוֹ בְּכָל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת שָׁם תְּשׁוּבָה, הוּא לִפְעָמִים בִּבְחִינַת (רות ג׳:ז׳): וַתְּגַל מַרְגְּלֹתָיו וַתִּשְׁכָּב – שֶׁהַדִּבּוּר צָרִיךְ לְהָאִיר בָּאָדָם, שֶׁהוּא לְמַטָּה בְּמַדְרֵגָה פְּחוּתָה, וְעַל כֵּן נִקְרָא הַדִּבּוּר צִפַּרְתָּא דְּקָאֵי עַד קַרְסֻלֵּהּ בְּמַיָּא.
מַיָּא הוּא בְּחִינַת הָאָדָם, שֶׁנִּתְהַוֶּה מִמַּיִּין דּוּכְרִין וּמַיִּין נוּקְבִין כַּיָּדוּעַ, וְהַדִּבּוּר, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת צִפַּרְתָּא, קָאֵי עַד קַרְסֻלֵּהּ, אֵצֶל הָאָדָם שֶׁהוּא בְּמַדְרֵגָה פְּחוּתָה, כְּדֵי לְהָאִיר לוֹ, בִּבְחִינַת וַתְּגַל מַרְגְּלֹתָיו וְכוּ' כַּנַּ"ל, וְזֶהוּ: דְּקָאֵי עַד קַרְסֻלֵּהּ בְּמַיָּא כַּנַּ"ל.
וְאָמְרִינַן לֵית מַיָּא – הַיְנוּ שֶׁהֵבִינוּ, שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר לִזְכּוֹת לְדִבּוּר אֶלָּא עַל־יְדֵי כָּבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת, שֶׁיִּהְיֶה הָאָדָם בְּעֵינָיו אֶפֶס וָאַיִן. וְזֶהוּ: לֵית מַיָּא – שֶׁהָאָדָם יַחֲזִיק עַצְמוֹ לְאַיִן.
וּבָעֵינַן לִנְחוּתֵי – לְשׁוֹן שִׁפְלוּת, הַיְנוּ לִהְיוֹת שָׁפָל וְעָנָו. אַךְ שֶׁהָיָה לְאַקוּרֵי נַפְשִׁין – לְשׁוֹן (ישעיהו י״ג:י״ב): אוֹקִיר אֱנוֹשׁ מִפָּז, הַיְנוּ שֶׁהָיָה הָעֲנָוָה בִּשְׁבִיל גַּדְלוּת, כְּדֵי לְהִתְכַּבֵּד וּלְהִתְיַקֵּר, כִּי מֵחֲמַת שֶׁיּוֹדְעִין גֹּדֶל בִּזּוּי הַגַּדְלוּת, עַל כֵּן הֵם עֲנָוִים, בִּשְׁבִיל לְהִתְכַּבֵּד וּלְהִתְיַקֵּר עַל־יְדֵי הָעֲנָוָה, וְזֶהוּ בְּחִינַת עֲנִיווּת שֶׁהוּא תַּכְלִית הַגַּדְלוּת.
וְזֶהוּ: וּבָעֵינַן לִנְחוּתֵי – לִהְיוֹת שְׁפָלִים וַעֲנָוִים, לְאוֹקוּרֵי נַפְשִׁין – כְּדֵי שֶׁעַל־יְדֵי־זֶה נִהְיֶה יְקָרִים וַחֲשׁוּבִים, כִּי הַגַּאֲוָה מְבֻזָּה מְאֹד.
נְפַק בְּרַת־קָלָא וְאָמַר, לָא תְּחוּתוּ לְהָכָא – לָא תְּחוּתוּ לִהְיוֹת שְׁפָלִים בִּשְׁבִיל זֶה, בִּשְׁבִיל לְאוֹקוּרֵי נַפְשִׁין – שֶׁהִזְהִירָם הַבַּת־קוֹל שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ עֲנָוִים בִּשְׁבִיל לְהִתְיַקֵּר וּלְהִתְכַּבֵּד, כִּי זֶה עֲנִיווּת הִיא תַּכְלִית הַגַּדְלוּת.
דִּנְפַלָּה חֲצִינָא לְבַר־נַגָּרָא הָא שְׁבַע שְׁנִין, וְלָא מָטְיָא לְאַרְעָא – שֶׁהַבַּת־קוֹל הוֹדִיעָה לָהֶם שֹׁרֶשׁ הַגַּדְלוּת, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְרַחֲקוּ עַד קָצֶה אַחֲרוֹן, וְלָא יְחוּתוּ לְהָכָא – שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ עֲנָוִים בִּשְׁבִיל גַּדְלוּת, כְּמַאֲמַר חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (אבות פ"ד): מְאֹד מְאֹד הֱוֵי שְׁפַל־רוּחַ; הַיְנוּ שֶׁהוֹדִיעָה לָהֶם, שֶׁהַגַּדְלוּת הוּא מִנְּפִילוֹת הַהִתְפָּאֲרוּת וְהַגַּאֲוָה שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא, שֶׁהוּא לְבוּשׁוֹ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (תהילים צ״ג:א׳): ה' מָלָךְ גֵּאוּת לָבֵשׁ.
וְזֶה: דִּנְפַלָא חֲצִינָא – בְּחִינַת לְבוּשׁ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (שם קכט): וְחִצְנוֹ מְעַמֵּר.
בַּר נַגָּרָא – זֶה הַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (שם קד): הַמְקָרֶה בַמַּיִם עֲלִיּוֹתָיו, וּכְמַאֲמַר (חולין ס.): אֱלֹקֵיכֶם נַגָּר הוּא. מִנְּפִילַת הַלְּבוּשׁ הַזֶּה נִתְהַוָּה הַגַּדְלוּת, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת שֶׁבַע בָּתֵּי עַכּוּ"ם, שֶׁעַל־יְדֵי־זֶה גָּלוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאַרְצָם, כְּמַאֲמַר חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (גיטין פח.): לֹא גָּלוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד שֶׁעָבְדוּ בָּהּ שֶׁבַע בָּתֵּי עַכּוּ"ם; וּבִשְׁבִיל זֶה נִקְרָא עַכּוּ"ם בִּלְשׁוֹן תִּפְאֶרֶת, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (ישעיהו מ״ד:י״ג): כְּתִפְאֶרֶת אָדָם לָשֶׁבֶת בָּיִת; כִּי הָעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, שֶׁהוּא הַגַּדְלוּת, הוּא מִנְּפִילַת הִתְפָּאֲרוּתוֹ.
וְזֶהוּ: הָא שְׁבַע שְׁנִין – זֶה בְּחִינַת הַגַּדְלוּת, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת שֶׁבַע בָּתֵּי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה כַּנַּ"ל.
וְזֶהוּ: וְלָא מְטֵי לְאַרְעָא – הַיְנוּ שֶׁעַל־יְדֵי הֶעָווֹן הַזֶּה עֲדַיִן לֹא חָזַרְנוּ לְאַרְצֵנוּ, כִּי עַל־יְדֵי הֶעָווֹן הַזֶּה, שֶׁהוּא הַגַּדְלוּת, שֶׁהוּא כְּעוֹבֵד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, בְּחִינַת שֶׁבַע בָּתֵּי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה גָּלִינוּ מֵאַרְצֵנוּ כַּנַּ"ל, וְעַל־יְדֵי־זֶה עֲדַיִן לֹא חָזַרְנוּ לְאַרְצֵנוּ – הַכֹּל עַל־יְדֵי הֶעָווֹן הַזֶּה שֶׁל הַגַּדְלוּת, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה כַּנַּ"ל.
וְזֶהוּ: וְלָא מִשּׁוּם דִּנְפִישֵׁי מַיָּא – הַיְנוּ, לֹא תֹּאמַר שֶׁבִּשְׁבִיל זֶה לָא מְטֵי לְאַרְעָא, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁאֵין יְכוֹלִין לְהַגִּיעַ וְלָשׁוּב לְאֶרֶץ־יִשְׂרָאֵל, מִשּׁוּם דִּנְפִישֵׁי מַיָּא, מֵחֲמַת שֶׁהָעַכּוּ"ם הֵם רַבִּים, בְּחִינַת רַבִּים הַגּוֹיִם הָאֵלֶּה (דברים ז׳:י״ז), שֶׁהֵם בְּחִינַת מַיִם רַבִּים.
אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם דִּרְדִיפֵי מַיָּא – שֶׁהֵם רוֹדְפִים אַחַר הַכָּבוֹד, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת מַיִם, בְּחִינַת קֵ-ל הַכָּבוֹד הִרְעִים ה' עַל מַיִם רַבִּים (תהילים כ״ט:ג׳); עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה אֵין יְכוֹלִין לְהַגִּיעַ וְלַחֲזֹר לְאֶרֶץ־יִשְׂרָאֵל, הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי רְדִיפַת הַכָּבוֹד וְהַגַּדְלוּת, כִּי עִקַּר אֲרִיכַת הַגָּלוּת שֶׁאֵין יְכוֹלִין לָשׁוּב לְאַרְצֵנוּ, הוּא רַק מֵחֲמַת עֲווֹן הַגַּדְלוּת וּרְדִיפַת הַכָּבוֹד כַּנַּ"ל.
כָּל זֶה הוֹדִיעָה לָהֶם הַבַּת־קוֹל, גֹּדֶל בִּזּוּי הַגַּדְלוּת, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְרַחֲקוּ מֵהַגַּדְלוּת עַד קָצֶה אַחֲרוֹן כַּנַּ"ל, וְאָז כְּבוֹד הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ בִּשְׁלֵמוּת כַּנַּ"ל, וְאָז זוֹכִין לַדִּבּוּר הַמֵּאִיר, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת צִפַּרְתָּא הַנַּ"ל, כַּנַּ"ל. אֲבָל אֵיךְ זוֹכִין לָזֶה, לְשַׁבֵּר הַגַּדְלוּת וְהַכָּבוֹד שֶׁל עַצְמוֹ לְגַמְרֵי, וְשֶׁיִּהְיֶה כְּבוֹד הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ בִּשְׁלֵמוּת – הוּא עַל־יְדֵי שְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית בִּשְׁתֵּי בְּחִינוֹת הַנַּ"ל, שֶׁהֵם בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה. וְזֶהוּ שֶׁאָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי:
הַאי זִיז שָׂדַי הוּא – הַיְנוּ בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, שֶׁעַל־יְדֵי יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, שֶׁהֵם בְּחִינַת שְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית בִּשְׁתֵּי בְּחִינוֹת כַּנַּ"ל, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה הַכָּבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת, וְעַל־יְדֵי כָּבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת זוֹכִין לְצִפַּרְתָּא, שֶׁהוּא הַדִּבּוּר, שֶׁהוּא אֶמְצָעִי בֵּין מַיָּא לָרָקִיעַ כַּנַּ"ל, כִּי זִיז הוּא בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, בְּחִינַת מט"ט, בְּחִינַת: מִכְּנַף הָאָרֶץ כַּנַּ"ל. כִּי אִיתָא בְּמִדְרָשׁ־רַבָּה (ב"ר פרשה יט, ויק"ר פרשה כב): עוֹף אֶחָד יֵשׁ, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁמַּפְרִישׂ אֶת כְּנָפָיו הוּא מַחֲשִׁיךְ אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, וְזִיז שְׁמוֹ; וְזֶה בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, בְּחִינַת מט"ט, בְּחִינַת מִכְּנַף הָאָרֶץ, שֶׁבּוֹ מִתְלַבֵּשׁ בְּרִית עִלָּאָה, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, שָׂדַי – זֶה בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה כַּנַּ"ל:
וְזֶה:
אֲנִי ה' – יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה,
הוּא שְׁמִי – יִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה;
וּכְבוֹדִי לְאַחֵר לֹא אֶתֵּן – זֶה בְּחִינַת כָּבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת,
וּתְהִלָּתִי לַפְּסִילִים – זֶה בְּחִינַת הַדִּבּוּר, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: תְּהִלַּת ה' יְדַבֶּר פִּי – הַכֹּל כַּנַּ"ל:
Hebrew text: Likutei Moharan - rabenubook.com via Sefaria (Public Domain) · Sefaria. Names of Hashem are written in the customary form.
Transcripts
1-minute recap
Likutey Moharan, Torah eleven: I am Hashem, that is My Name.
Speak words of Torah out loud, and the words light up every place where you need to return.
That speech comes only from kavod: when Hashem's honour is complete, and your own is as nothing. Pride closes the mouth.
The way to humility is guarding the covenant, in two ways, like Shabbos and like the weekdays.
Rabbah bar bar Chanah saw a bird in the sea, its head in the sky: speech, joining man to the depth of Torah. And a heavenly voice warned: do not be humble just to be admired.
Our own reflection: say Torah aloud today, and let one piece of honour go.
Explainer
Likutey Moharan, Torah eleven: Ani Hashem hu shemi, I am Hashem, that is My Name. How can a person who feels far away find the road back, and why does pride close the mouth?
The Torah opens with a verse from Yeshayahu: I am Hashem, that is My Name; My glory I will not give to another, nor My praise to carved idols. Rebbe Nachman will decode every phrase of it by the end. He begins with two declarations of Hashem's unity that we say every day: Shema Yisrael, the higher unity, and Baruch shem kevod malchuso, the lower unity. Every Jew, he says, must make both real through his own life, and that is the door to the Torah's depths.
But what about someone on a low level, far from those depths? The Rebbe's answer is simple: speech. Say the words of Torah out loud. The Sages read the verse 'they are life to those who find them' as 'to those who bring them out with the mouth'.
Then the words become a light. They shine into every corner of a person's life where he needs to return. As the Sages say: open your mouth and let your words shine. Each teshuvah lifts him one level, and step by step he climbs out of the low place, until he reaches the depth of the Torah.
Here the Rebbe brings a Gemara. Pharaoh's magicians mocked Moshe: are you bringing straw to Afarayim? He answered: to the town of greens, carry greens. The Rebbe hears teven, straw, as tevunah, understanding. The magicians meant: Israel are like dust, afar; how can you bring them understanding? And Moshe answers: through the sayings of a Jew, his words light up the places that need return, yarka, and a teshuvah that matches the weight, yarka shekul.
Section two. This shining speech has one condition: kavod, honour. The honour of Hashem must be complete, which means that a person's own honour is as nothing beside it. This is humility. For speech is rooted in honour: Hashem is called the King of glory, and kingship, malchus, is the mouth.
Pride does the opposite. When Torah enters a damaged mouth, the words do not shine, and the Torah itself grows coarse and dark there. A proud person cannot even open his mouth, like Levi bar Sisa, who was raised to the platform, grew proud, and could not answer a single question.
Why? Because pride is a kind of idol worship. An idol stands to be burned, so in halacha its size counts as crushed. A proud person's vessels of speech are crushed too. But one who keeps Hashem's honour complete, lowly in his own eyes, speaks words that shine, like 'the earth shone with His glory'.
Section three. Complete honour needs a vav. Without it, kavod becomes kaved, heavy, as in heavy of mouth. The vav adds, and the Rebbe reads that as added holiness: guarding the covenant, keeping oneself pure. Pride and impurity depend on each other, so guarding the covenant breaks pride.
That is why the covenant is linked with the Name Shakai, which means there is enough in Hashem's Divinity for every creature. A proud person says, in effect, Hashem is not enough for me, and so he makes himself an idol. One who guards the covenant receives the light that shows the way back.
Section four calls this light tal, dew, which equals thirty-nine: thirty-nine lights hidden in the vav of kavod. One who guards the covenant keeps them. One who damages it turns them into the thirty-nine labours, a heavy yoke of earning a living. Even the same weekday work can be like building the Mishkan, or like the Mishkan in ruins.
Sections five to seven explain, modestly, that guarding the covenant has two levels, like Shabbos and like the weekdays. On Shabbos Hashem said 'enough' to His world: the higher unity. During the week the world runs through an angel appointed over the six days, yet even then there are limits and pauses: the lower unity. The Rebbe links these to Kabbalah and Halacha.
Then a Gemara. When Hashem told the trees to grow after their kind, the grasses reasoned: if the tall trees need boundaries, how much more we, small and crowded. At once the Minister of the World sang: may the glory of Hashem endure forever. The great and the small, Shabbos and weekday, both need boundaries. When both are kept, the glory is complete, and then comes the shining speech.
Section eight opens a wondrous story. Rabbah bar bar Chanah saw a bird standing in the sea up to its ankles, its head in the sky. The Rebbe reads the bird as speech. Its feet stand in the water, with a person on a low level; its head reaches the heavens, the depth of the Torah.
The travellers said: there is no water here, let us go down. The Rebbe reads: they understood that a person must be as nothing, and wanted to lower themselves. But it was to make themselves precious. Their humility was a way to be admired, and that, says the Rebbe, is the height of pride.
A heavenly voice warned them: do not go down here. A carpenter's axe fell here seven years ago and has not reached the ground. The carpenter is Hashem; the axe is a garment, His majesty. Pride is a fallen piece of Hashem's majesty, like the seven houses of idolatry that sent Israel into exile.
And it has not reached the ground: we have not yet returned to our Land. Not because the waters are many, because the nations are many, but because the waters are swift: we chase after honour. The length of the exile, says the Rebbe, comes from pride and the chasing of honour.
How do we break pride? Rav Ashi gives the answer: it is the Ziz sadai. The Ziz, whose wings cover the sun, is the lower unity; sadai, the field, is the higher. Guard the covenant in both ways, and the honour is complete, and the bird of speech joins water to sky.
And so the verse: I am Hashem, the higher unity. That is My Name, the lower unity. My glory I will not give to another, complete honour. Nor My praise to carved idols: that is speech, as it is written, my mouth will speak the praise of Hashem.
Some reflections of our own, not a quotation. Say some words of Torah out loud today, and listen for where they point. Notice one place where you want honour, and let it go. And be humble for Hashem's sake, not to be admired.
Full shiur
— Part 1: Speech That Lights the Way Back —
Likutey Moharan, Torah eleven: Ani Hashem hu shemi, I am Hashem, that is My Name. A shiur in six parts. Part one: speech that lights the way back.
A word on method. Every card carries a label. Gold is Rebbe Nachman's own words, from Likutey Moharan, Torah eleven. Grey is a verse or a teaching of the Sages that he quotes. Green is our own explanation, not a quotation. The Hebrew on screen is the public-domain text from Sefaria, and the English is our own paraphrase, kept close to the Hebrew.
Here is the map. Section one: speaking words of Torah aloud lights up every place where a person needs to return. Sections two and three: that speech comes only when the honour of Hashem is complete, through humility, while pride closes the mouth. Sections four to seven: complete honour comes through guarding the covenant in two ways, one like Shabbos and one like the weekdays. And sections eight and nine: a strange story of Rabbah bar bar Chanah, a bird standing in the sea, which holds the whole teaching, and then the opening verse decoded.
The Torah opens with a verse from Yeshayahu. I am Hashem, that is My Name; My glory I will not give to another, nor My praise to carved idols.
Rebbe Nachman begins: For there is a higher unity and a lower unity: 'Shema Yisrael', and 'Baruch shem kevod malchuso l'olam va'ed', blessed is the Name of His glorious kingdom forever. Every single Jew must bring this about through himself, and through it he can come to the understandings of the Torah, in their depth.
Our explanation. Twice a day we declare the unity of Hashem in two verses. Shema Yisrael is called the higher unity; Baruch shem kevod malchuso, which we say quietly after it, is called the lower unity. The Rebbe says that every Jew must make both of them real through his own life, and that this is the door to the depths of the Torah. Over the whole Torah he will show us what that means in practice.
For one who is on a low level is still far from the Torah's deep understandings. Only through the medium of speech can he reach them, by speaking words of Torah out loud. As the verse says, 'for they are life to those who find them', which the Sages read: to those who bring them out with the mouth.
Then the speech lights up for him every place where he needs to do teshuvah, as the Sages said: open your mouth, and let your words shine. And each time, through each act of teshuvah, he goes from level to level, until he leaves the low level altogether and comes to the Torah's understandings in their depth.
Our explanation. The Rebbe calls this the dibbur hame'ir, the speech that shines. A person far from Torah cannot simply think his way into its depths. But when he says the words with his mouth, they become a light, showing him exactly where in his life he needs to return. Each return lifts him one level, and so, step by step, he climbs.
Now a Gemara. Yochani and Mamrei were Pharaoh's magicians, and they mocked Moshe. This is what Yochani and Mamrei asked Moshe: are you bringing straw to Afarayim? He answered them: people say, to the town of greens, carry greens. Teven, straw, hints at tevunah, understanding, as in 'understanding will guard you'. They understood that Moshe wanted to bring the Torah's understandings into Israel. So they asked: when Israel do not do the will of Hashem they are like dust, afar; how can he bring them up to so high a level?
That is: teven, straw, means the Torah's understandings; 'you are bringing to Afarayim' means to the level of dust, a low level. He answered them: people say, amrei inashei, that is, through the sayings, through the speech of a Jew, light shines for him into every place where he needs to do teshuvah.
And so, 'to the town of greens' means to the places that need teshuvah. Yarka, green, is teshuvah, as the Midrash says on Avraham's men, vayarek: he made them pale with the section of the judges, that is, he urged them to return. For that section speaks of teshuvah: who is the man who is afraid and faint-hearted? Afraid because of the sins in his hands.
He sums it up: So 'people say: to the town of greens' means that through the sayings and speech of a Jew, the speech will shine for him into the places that need teshuvah, so he can return. And 'carry greens', yarka shekul: shekul means weighed. The speech lights his way to teshuvah that truly matches the weight, teshuvah on the scales.
Our explanation, step by step. A person can be at the level of dust, far from understanding. He begins to speak words of Torah out loud. The speech becomes a light, showing him the places that need teshuvah, and a teshuvah that weighs as much as the damage. Return after return, he rises, until he reaches the depth of the Torah. That is Moshe's answer to the magicians: even to the town of dust, bring understanding.
— Part 2: Humility Opens the Mouth —
Part two: humility opens the mouth, and the letter vav of kavod.
Section two. How does one come to that speech? But the speech that shines can be won only through kavod, honour: by seeing to it that the honour of Hashem is complete, that his own honour is as nothing next to the honour of Hashem; that is, through humility and smallness. For speech comes essentially from kavod, as the verse says: 'who is this King of glory?', the king, malchus, which is the mouth.
Our explanation. In the language of the Zohar, malchus, kingship, is the mouth: a king rules by his word. The verse calls Hashem the King of glory. So speech is rooted in kavod. When a person lets all honour belong to Hashem, and holds his own honour as nothing, his speech has its root, and it can shine.
For when Torah comes into damaged speech, into a damaged mouth, not only do its words not shine for him; the Torah itself becomes coarse and dark there in his mouth. As the verse says, 'this book of the Torah shall not depart, lo yamush, from your mouth', like 'vayamesh choshech', a darkness that could be felt: let the words not grow coarse and dark in your mouth.
Why does this happen? For when a person does not take care that the honour of Hashem be complete, that is, through arrogance, he cannot open his mouth, as in 'their mouth is closed; they speak in pride'. Like the story of Levi bar Sisa: they raised him onto the platform, his spirit grew proud, and he could not answer them.
For pride is like idol worship, and of idols it is written: 'the carved images of their idols you shall burn in fire'. Whatever stands to be burned is as if already burned, and its size counts as crushed, as the Gemara says about a shofar of idol worship. And since his measure is crushed, he has no vessels of speech to speak with.
Our explanation. In halacha, an object of idol worship is destined for the fire, so it is treated as already burned, and its size counts as nothing; a shofar of idol worship is too 'small' to be used. The Rebbe applies this to pride. A proud person has, in a sense, made an idol of himself, and so his measure is crushed: the vessels of speech in him are not whole, and his mouth cannot open.
But when he takes care and guards the honour of Hashem, that it be complete, so that he is lowly and despised in his own eyes, then he can speak words that shine, as in 'and the earth shone with His glory'. They light up the way to teshuvah for him, and he can come to the Torah's understandings in their depth.
Section three. Complete honour comes only through the vav that one draws into it. For without the vav it remains kaved, heavy, as in 'heavy of mouth'. With the vav it becomes 'so that kavod may sing to You and not be silent'.
For wherever a vav is written, it adds, that is, added holiness, which is guarding the covenant, as the Sages said: wherever you find a fence against immorality, you find holiness. For these depend on each other, pride and immorality, as the Sages taught on a verse in Mishlei.
Our explanation. Kavod, honour, and kaved, heavy, are the same letters, except that kavod has a vav. Without the vav the mouth is heavy, like Moshe's 'heavy of mouth'. The vav means 'and', adding, and the Rebbe reads it as added holiness: guarding the covenant, keeping oneself pure. Since pride and impurity go together, a person who guards the covenant breaks his pride, the honour becomes complete, and the mouth begins to sing.
So the covenant is called by the Name Shakai. As it is written: 'I am Kel Shakai; be fruitful and multiply'. For Shakai means that there is enough, dai, in My Divinity for every creature.
When he does not guard the covenant, which comes through pride, he makes an idol for himself. He shows that Hashem's Divinity is not enough for him, so that he needs idols; and so he damages Shakai, the truth that Hashem's Divinity is enough for every creature. But when he guards the covenant, he merits the light that shines for him toward teshuvah.
Our explanation, step by step. Pride is a kind of idol worship: it says that Hashem is not enough for me, and it closes the mouth. Humility makes Hashem's honour complete. The way to real humility is guarding the covenant, which adds holiness, the vav that turns heavy into honour. And then the words begin to shine, and light the way back.
— Part 3: Thirty-Nine Lights, and Two Kinds of Enough —
Part three: thirty-nine lights, and Shakai of Shabbos and of the weekdays.
Section four. What is this light that shines toward teshuvah? This light is the tal, the thirty-nine lights contained in the vav of kavod, as the verse says: 'Behold, all these Kel does, twice, three times, with a man'.
'Twice, three times' is the tal of lights of the filling of the first three letters. That is: the first three letters of the Name Havayah, spelled out in full with alefs, add up to tal, thirty-nine. These are the thirty-nine lights, and they are contained in the vav of the Name.
'With a man', im gaver: they are contained in the covenant, for 'as the man is, so is his strength'. That is why the covenant is called Boaz: bo oz, in him is strength, in him is might.
Our explanation. Tal, dew, has the numerical value thirty-nine. The Rebbe teaches that the light which shows a person the way back is made of thirty-nine lights, drawn from the first three letters of the Name Havayah, and contained in the vav, which belongs to the covenant. We need not follow every Kabbalistic detail; the point is that guarding the covenant keeps this gentle light, like dew, shining.
But when he does not guard the covenant, he spoils the tal of lights and draws upon himself the yoke of earning a living, the thirty-nine labours, as the Zohar says: whoever throws away crumbs of bread, poverty chases after him; how much more one who throws away crumbs of the mind.
And this is 'bo oz': both aspects are contained in it, thirty-nine lights for one who guards the covenant, and thirty-nine labours for one who damages it. For oz, strength, counted with the word itself, is twice tal.
And this is why 'Mishkan, Mishkan' is written twice: twice thirty-nine, for the thirty-nine labours of Shabbos are learned from the Mishkan.
One who guards his covenant, even while doing the thirty-nine labours, they are like the work of the Mishkan, the Mishkan in its building: thirty-nine lights. But for one who damages the covenant, his labours are the Mishkan in its destruction, the thirty-nine lashes: 'forty he shall strike him, and not add'. That is the damage of the covenant, which is 'adding', as above.
Our explanation, step by step. Everyone works during the week. For one who guards the covenant, the work itself is like building the Mishkan, and the thirty-nine labours become thirty-nine lights. For one who damages it, the same work becomes a heavy yoke, the Mishkan in ruins, like the thirty-nine lashes. Good holiness adds, like the vav; but going beyond the Torah's limits is an 'adding' that the Torah forbids.
Section five. The Rebbe now speaks, briefly and modestly, about two levels of holiness in married life. Guarding the covenant has two aspects. There is one whose marital times fall on weekdays, and yet he guards his covenant according to the Torah, never leaving its laws. And there is one who guards the covenant with marital times only from Shabbos to Shabbos.
These are the higher unity and the lower unity. This is Shakai of Shabbos: the One who said to His world 'dai', enough, who held Himself back from all the labours. That is the higher unity.
And there is Shakai of the weekdays, for during the week too there are holdings-back, from one labour to the next. This is the angel Mem-Tet-Tet, whose rule is the six weekdays, the six orders of the Mishnah, whose name is like his Master's, as it is written, 'for My Name is within him'. This is the lower unity: the Holy One, blessed be He, clothes Himself in this angel during the six weekdays and guides the world through him.
Our explanation. On Shabbos Hashem said 'enough' to His world and held back from all creating; that is the higher unity. On weekdays the world runs through work, through an angel appointed over the six days, yet even then there are limits and pauses. So there are two ways to guard the covenant, one like Shabbos and one like the weekday, and both bring holiness: the higher unity and the lower unity of the opening of the Torah.
— Part 4: Halacha and Kabbalah, Trees and Grasses —
Part four: Halacha and Kabbalah, and the trees and the grasses.
Section six. This is Halacha and Kabbalah. Kabbalah is 'Bow to Hashem in the splendour of holiness', hishtachavu laHashem b'hadras kodesh, whose first letters spell Kabbalah. And Halacha is 'Shout to Hashem, all the earth', hari'u laHashem kol ha'aretz, whose first letters spell Halacha, as brought in the Kavanos.
'Bow to Hashem in the splendour of holiness' is the higher unity, the union of Shabbos, the upper covenant, where bowing belongs above all, as in 'Yosef's brothers came and bowed to him'. And it is 'the splendour of holiness', as in 'his firstborn ox, splendour is his'.
'Shout to Hashem, all the earth' is the lower unity, the weekday union, through the angel whose rule is the six weekdays, the six orders of the Mishnah. Hari'u is a word of trumpeting and song, as in 'from the wing of the earth we heard songs'. For that angel is a wing, as in 'your Teacher will no longer be hidden behind a wing'; for in him the Holy One, blessed be He, is clothed during the six weekdays, as is known.
Our explanation. The Rebbe ties the two kinds of holiness to the two parts of the Torah. Kabbalah, the hidden part, is like Shabbos and the higher unity. Halacha, the practical law, like the six orders of the Mishnah, is like the weekdays and the lower unity. Yosef, the tzaddik known for guarding the covenant, is the one to whom his brothers bowed.
Section seven. And this is razin and razin d'razin, secrets and secrets of secrets. Secrets are Halacha; secrets of secrets are Kabbalah. Kabbalah clothed within Halacha is the way the Holy One, blessed be He, guides the world during the six weekdays, the lower unity.
And this is 'Splendour to the tzaddik; my secret is mine, my secret is mine', the end of the verse 'from the wing of the earth'. 'Splendour to the tzaddik' is the holiness of the marital bond. It holds two secrets, the higher and the lower unity, which are Halacha and Kabbalah, secrets and secrets of secrets.
Now a Gemara about the third day of creation. This is what the Sages said: 'May the glory of Hashem endure forever' was said by the Minister of the World. When the Holy One, blessed be He, told the trees 'after its kind', the grasses reasoned: if the trees, which are tall and not crowded, were told 'after its kind', how much more we, small and crowded, must go out after our kinds. At once the Minister of the World opened and said: 'May the glory of Hashem endure forever.'
The Rebbe explains it, modestly. For in truth even the great, whose marital times are not frequent, only from Shabbos to Shabbos, are also warned by the Torah to guard the covenant, as it is written, 'the children of Israel shall keep the Shabbos', whose first letters, as the Kavanos bring, hint at the marital bond. Though it is only from Shabbos to Shabbos, he still needs great guarding: 'they shall keep'.
How much more the small, who are like the grasses, whose times are frequent, on weekdays too: they surely need great care to guard their covenant, keeping themselves according to the Torah, 'after their kinds'.
As soon as the Minister of the World heard this, the angel Mem-Tet-Tet, whose rule is the six weekdays, the grasses, the lower unity, he opened and said: 'May the glory of Hashem...', glory precisely. For through guarding the covenant in both these ways, the glory is complete.
And the whole chain: So through guarding the covenant in both ways, the higher and lower unity, trees and grasses, great and small, the union of Shabbos and of weekday, Halacha and Kabbalah, secrets and secrets of secrets, the glory becomes complete. Through that glory one merits speech that shines, and through the speech one can come to the Torah's understandings in their depth.
Our explanation, step by step. The trees are the great, whose holiness is like Shabbos. The grasses are the small, living their ordinary weekday lives. Each needs to keep its own boundaries, 'after its kind', according to the Torah. When both do, the angel of the weekdays himself sings 'may the glory of Hashem endure forever', because the glory is now complete. And from that complete glory comes the speech that shines.
— Part 5: The Bird with Its Head in the Sky —
Part five: the bird with its head in the sky, and the heavenly voice.
Section eight. The Rebbe now opens one of the wondrous sea stories of Rabbah bar bar Chanah. This is what Rabbah bar bar Chanah said: Once we were travelling on a ship, and I saw a bird standing in the water up to its ankles, with its head in the sky. We said: there is no water here; and we wanted to go down to cool ourselves.
A heavenly voice came out and said to us: do not go down here, for a carpenter's axe fell here seven years ago and it has not reached the bottom. And not because the water is plentiful, but because the water is swift. Rav Ashi said: this is the Ziz sadai, as it is written, 'and the Ziz of the field is with me'.
The bird is speech, which stands in the middle, between man, who is formed from the waters of father and mother, and the heavens, which are the Torah's understandings. As is taught about the metzora, who must bring two birds: let the chatterer come and atone for the chatter. And so:
Our explanation. The Rebbe reads the bird as speech. Its feet stand in the water, down where a person is, even on a low level; its head reaches the sky, the deep understanding of the Torah. Speech is the bridge between the two. That is why the metzora, whose sin was evil speech, brings birds: chattering creatures to atone for chatter.
'Standing in the water up to its ankles': since speech must shine for him in every place where he needs to do teshuvah, it is sometimes like 'she uncovered his feet and lay down'. Speech must shine for a person who is down below, on a low level. So speech is called a bird standing up to its ankles in water.
The water is man, who is formed from the waters, as is known. And speech, the bird, stands 'up to its ankles', beside a person on a low level, to shine for him, as in 'she uncovered his feet', as above. That is 'standing in the water up to its ankles'.
'We said, there is no water': that is, they understood that speech can be won only through complete honour, when a person is nothing and naught in his own eyes. 'There is no water': a person should hold himself as nothing.
'We wanted to go down': a word of lowliness, to be low and humble. But it was 'to make ourselves precious', as in 'I will make man more precious than fine gold'. Their humility was for the sake of greatness, to be honoured and esteemed. Knowing how despised pride is, they were humble in order to be honoured through humility; and that is a humility which is the height of pride.
So 'we wanted to go down': to be low and humble; 'to make ourselves precious': so that through it we would be precious and important, for pride is very despised.
'A heavenly voice came out and said: do not go down here': do not make yourselves lowly for this, to make yourselves precious. The voice warned them not to be humble in order to be esteemed and honoured, for such humility is the height of pride.
Our explanation. This is a subtle trap. Someone sees how ugly pride is, and decides to act humble, because humble people are admired. But humility put on in order to be honoured is still pride, perhaps its highest form. The heavenly voice warned them: do not go down for that reason. True humility is not a better way to be important; it is letting the honour belong to Hashem.
The heavenly voice gives its reason. 'For a carpenter's axe fell here seven years ago and has not reached the ground': the heavenly voice told them the root of pride, so that they would distance themselves from it to the very last extreme, and not 'go down here', not be humble for the sake of greatness. As the Sages said: be very, very lowly of spirit.
That is, it told them that pride comes from the fallen part of the glory and majesty of the Holy One, blessed be He, which is His garment, as it is written: 'Hashem reigns; He is clothed in majesty'.
And this is 'the axe fell', chatzina: it is a garment, as in the verse 'nor the sheaf-binder his fold', chitzno.
— Part 6: Why the Exile Is Long, and the Ziz of the Field —
Part six: why the exile is long, and the Ziz of the field.
Who is the carpenter? 'The carpenter', bar nagara: this is the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is written, 'He who roofs His upper chambers with water', and as the Gemara says: your Elokim is a carpenter.
From the fall of this garment came pride, which is the seven houses of idolatry; because of it Israel were exiled from their land, as the Sages said: Israel were not exiled until they served seven houses of idolatry. That is why idolatry is called by a word of splendour: 'like the splendour of a man, to dwell in a house'. For idolatry, which is pride, comes from the fall of His splendour.
Our explanation. The Rebbe reads the carpenter's axe as a garment that fell from the carpenter, Hashem. Majesty belongs to Hashem alone; it is His garment. Human pride is a fallen piece of that majesty, worn by someone it does not belong to. That is why pride is like idolatry, and why the Rebbe ties it to the sins that sent Israel into exile.
And this is 'seven years': pride, the seven houses of idolatry, as above.
And this is 'it has not reached the ground': through this sin we have still not returned to our Land. Through pride, which is like serving idols, the seven houses of idolatry, we were exiled from our Land, and through it we have not yet returned: all because of this sin of pride, which is like idol worship.
And this is 'not because the water is plentiful': do not say that we cannot reach and return to Eretz Yisrael because the water is plentiful, because the nations are many, as in 'these nations are many', which are 'many waters'.
'But because the water is swift', rodfim, chasing: they chase after honour, which is water, as in 'the Kel of glory thunders; Hashem is over many waters'. Because of this we cannot reach and return to Eretz Yisrael. The length of the exile, that we cannot return to our Land, comes only from the sin of pride and the chasing of honour.
Our explanation, step by step. Pride is a fallen piece of Hashem's own majesty. It is like the seven houses of idolatry that sent Israel into exile. The exile goes on, not because the nations are many, but because we chase honour, the swift water. Like the axe that has not reached the ground, we have not yet come home to our Land. Letting go of honour is part of bringing the redemption.
The Rebbe draws it together. All this the heavenly voice told them, how despised pride is, so that they would flee from it to the very last extreme. Then the honour of Hashem is complete, and then one merits the speech that shines, which is the bird described above.
But how does one come to this, to break his own pride and honour completely, so that the honour of Hashem is complete? Through guarding the covenant in the two ways above, the higher and lower unity. And this is what Rav Ashi said:
'This is the Ziz sadai': the higher and the lower unity. Through them, which are guarding the covenant in both ways, the honour becomes complete; and through complete honour one merits the bird, which is speech, standing between the water and the sky.
For the Ziz is the lower unity, the angel of the weekdays, 'from the wing of the earth'. As the Midrash Rabbah says: there is a bird which, when it spreads its wings, darkens the sun, and its name is Ziz.
This is the lower unity, that angel, 'the wing of the earth', in which the upper covenant, the sun, is clothed. And sadai, the field, is the higher unity, as above.
Our explanation. Rav Ashi names the bird: the Ziz sadai. The Ziz, whose wings can cover the sun, is the weekday world, the lower unity, in which the higher light is clothed and hidden. Sadai, the field, is the higher unity. So the bird of speech stands on both: guard the covenant on the weekday and on Shabbos, and the honour is complete, and speech can rise from the water to the sky.
Section nine. And now the opening verse, decoded. And this is: 'I am Hashem': the higher unity. 'That is My Name': the lower unity. 'My glory I will not give to another': complete honour. 'Nor My praise to carved idols': this is speech, as it is written, 'my mouth will speak the praise of Hashem'. All as above.
Let us review the whole path. Speak words of Torah out loud, and the words become a light, showing every place where you need to return. That speech comes from kavod: let the honour of Hashem be complete, and your own honour be as nothing. Pride closes the mouth; it is a kind of idol, and it lengthens the exile. The way to break it is guarding the covenant, in the two ways, like Shabbos and like the weekdays, the higher and the lower unity. And beware of the subtle trap: humility put on to be admired is still pride. I am Hashem, that is My Name; My glory I will not give to another.
Some reflections of our own, not a quotation. Say some words of Torah out loud today, and listen for where they point. Notice one place where you are looking for honour, and let it go. And be humble for Hashem's sake, not in order to be admired.
This has been Likutey Moharan, Torah eleven. Ani Hashem hu shemi.
Sources for this Torah
Texts used
Hebrew: Likutei Moharan (Part I), Torah 11, edition 'Likutei Moharan – rabenubook.com', public domain, via Sefaria — https://www.sefaria.org/Likutei_Moharan.11
English: our own paraphrase of the Hebrew, written for these videos. It is not copied from any published translation.
Verses and teachings of the Sages appear only as Rebbe Nachman quotes them inside this Torah.
How the text is shown
The Divine Name is shown as ה' and voiced as Hashem. Other Names are written in the customary form (אֱלֹקִים, קֵ-ל, קָהּ, שַׁ-דַּ-י, אֲדֹ-נָ-י, אֶקְיֶ-ה, צְבָקוֹת). No full Name is written or voiced.
Parenthetical source references inside the printed Hebrew are left off the screen to save space; the citation line names the source instead.
Long paragraphs are shown in consecutive pieces. Every Hebrew word on screen is from the edition above; nothing is reworded.
Cards labelled EXPLANATION (green), and every line marked 'our own reflection — not a quote', are our own words, not quotations.
Notes
Part 2, scene 12: The card begins after 'so the covenant is called by the Name Shakai', which the narration says, to keep that Name off the screen in its plain form.
Part 3, scene 3: Kabbalistic: the letters yud, heh, vav spelled out with alefs (yud-vav-dalet, heh-alef, vav-alef-vav) total 39, the value of טַל. The narration says 'the Name Havayah' and never voices the Name.
Part 3, scene 12: The Name appears on screen hyphenated, as the engine writes it; the narration says 'Shakai'.
Part 3, scene 13: The angel's name is written on screen only as its initials; the narration spells them, Mem-Tet-Tet.
Part 5, scene 3: שָׂדַי here is 'field' (with a sin), not a Divine Name.
Every on-screen quotation in the full shiur, by part
Part 1 — Speech That Lights the Way Back
Scene 4 · LM I:11, opening verse (Yeshayahu 42:8) · paragraph §1.1
אֲנִי ה' הוּא שְׁמִי, וּכְבוֹדִי לְאַחֵר לֹא אֶתֵּן, וּתְהִלָּתִי לַפְּסִילִים:
EN (our paraphrase): I am Hashem, that is My Name; My glory I will not give to another, nor My praise to carved idols.
Scene 5 · LM I:11 §1, on Zohar I 18b · paragraph §1.2
כִּי יֵשׁ יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, הַיְנוּ: "שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל", וּ"בָרוּךְ שֵׁם כְּבוֹד מַלְכוּתוֹ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד", וְכָל אֶחָד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה נַעֲשֶׂה זֹאת עַל־יָדוֹ, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה יָכוֹל לָבוֹא לִתְבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה לְעָמְקָהּ;
EN (our paraphrase): For there is a higher unity and a lower unity: 'Shema Yisrael', and 'Baruch shem kevod malchuso l'olam va'ed', blessed is the Name of His glorious kingdom forever. Every single Jew must bring this about through himself, and through it he can come to the understandings of the Torah, in their depth.
Scene 7 · LM I:11 §1, on Mishlei 4:22 and Eruvin 54a · paragraph §1.3
כִּי מִי שֶׁהוּא בְּמַדְרֵגָה פְּחוּתָה, הוּא עֲדַיִן רָחוֹק מִתְּבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה, רַק עַל־יְדֵי אֶמְצָעוּת הַדִּבּוּר יָכוֹל לָבוֹא לִתְבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה לְעָמְקָהּ, הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי שֶׁהוּא מְדַבֵּר בְּהַתּוֹרָה בְּדִבּוּרִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: כִּי חַיִּים הֵם לְמוֹצָאֵיהֶם – לְמוֹצִיאֵיהֶם בַּפֶּה,
EN (our paraphrase): For one who is on a low level is still far from the Torah's deep understandings. Only through the medium of speech can he reach them, by speaking words of Torah out loud. As the verse says, 'for they are life to those who find them', which the Sages read: to those who bring them out with the mouth.
Scene 8 · LM I:11 §1, on Berachos 22a · paragraph §1.4
מֵאִיר לוֹ הַדִּבּוּר בְּכָל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה: פְּתַח פִּיךָ וְיָאִירוּ דְּבָרֶיךָ. וּבְכָל פַּעַם וּפַעַם, עַל־יְדֵי כָּל תְּשׁוּבָה וּתְשׁוּבָה, הוּא הוֹלֵךְ מִמַּדְרֵגָה לְמַדְרֵגָה, עַד שֶׁיּוֹצֵא מִמַּדְרֵגָה פְּחוּתָה וּבָא לִתְבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה לְעָמְקָהּ.
EN (our paraphrase): Then the speech lights up for him every place where he needs to do teshuvah, as the Sages said: open your mouth, and let your words shine. And each time, through each act of teshuvah, he goes from level to level, until he leaves the low level altogether and comes to the Torah's understandings in their depth.
Scene 10 · LM I:11 §1, on Menachos 85a · paragraph §1.5
וְזֶה שֶׁשָּׁאֲלוּ יוֹחָנִי וּמַמְרֵא לְמשֶׁה: תֶּבֶן אַתָּה מַכְנִיס לַעֲפָרַיִם, וְהֵשִׁיב לָהֶם: אָמְרֵי אֱנָשֵׁי, לְמָתָא יַרְקָא, יַרְקָא שְׁקֻל. תֶּבֶן זֶה בְּחִינַת תְּבוּנָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: תְּבוּנָה תִנְצְרֶךָּ, שֶׁהֵם הֵבִינוּ שֶׁמֹּשֶׁה רוֹצֶה לְהַכְנִיס תְּבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְעַל כֵּן שָׁאֲלוּ, כִּי בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל עוֹשִׂין רְצוֹנוֹ שֶׁל מָקוֹם הֵם מְשׁוּלִים לְעָפָר, וְאֵיךְ יוּכַל לַהֲבִיאָם לְמַדְרֵגָה גְּבוֹהָה, לִתְבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה.
EN (our paraphrase): This is what Yochani and Mamrei asked Moshe: are you bringing straw to Afarayim? He answered them: people say, to the town of greens, carry greens. Teven, straw, hints at tevunah, understanding, as in 'understanding will guard you'. They understood that Moshe wanted to bring the Torah's understandings into Israel. So they asked: when Israel do not do the will of Hashem they are like dust, afar; how can he bring them up to so high a level?
Scene 11 · LM I:11 §1 · paragraph §1.6
וְזֶה: תֶּבֶן – לְשׁוֹן תְּבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה, אַתָּה מַכְנִיס לַעֲפָרַיִם – זֶה בְּחִינַת עָפָר, הַיְנוּ מַדְרֵגָה פְּחוּתָה. הֵשִׁיב לָהֶם: אָמְרֵי אֱנָשֵׁי – הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי הָאֲמִירוֹת, עַל־יְדֵי הַדִּבּוּר שֶׁל אִישׁ הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִי, הוּא מֵאִיר לוֹ לְכָל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה.
EN (our paraphrase): That is: teven, straw, means the Torah's understandings; 'you are bringing to Afarayim' means to the level of dust, a low level. He answered them: people say, amrei inashei, that is, through the sayings, through the speech of a Jew, light shines for him into every place where he needs to do teshuvah.
Scene 12 · LM I:11 §1, on Bereishis Rabbah 43 and Sotah 43a · paragraph §1.6
וְזֶהוּ: לְמָתָא יַרְקָא – לַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה. יַרְקָא – הוּא בְּחִינַת תְּשׁוּבָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ בַּמִּדְרָשׁ: וַיָּרֶק אֶת חֲנִיכָו – אוֹרִיקָן בְּפָרָשַׁת שׁוֹפְטִים, הַיְנוּ שֶׁזֵּרְזָם לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה, כִּי פָּרָשַׁת שׁוֹפְטִים נֶאֱמַר עַל תְּשׁוּבָה: מִי הָאִישׁ הַיָּרֵא וְרַךְ הַלֵּבָב – הַיָּרֵא מֵעֲבֵרוֹת שֶׁבְּיָדוֹ.
EN (our paraphrase): And so, 'to the town of greens' means to the places that need teshuvah. Yarka, green, is teshuvah, as the Midrash says on Avraham's men, vayarek: he made them pale with the section of the judges, that is, he urged them to return. For that section speaks of teshuvah: who is the man who is afraid and faint-hearted? Afraid because of the sins in his hands.
Scene 13 · LM I:11 §1 · paragraph §1.7
וְזֶהוּ: אָמְרֵי אֱנָשֵׁי: לְמָתָא יַרְקָא – הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי הָאֲמִירוֹת וְהַדִּבּוּר שֶׁל אִישׁ הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִי, לְמָתָא יַרְקָא, לַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה, יָאִיר לוֹ הַדִּבּוּר, שֶׁיּוּכַל לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה. וְזֶה: יַרְקָא שְׁקֻל – בְּחִינַת תְּשׁוּבַת הַמִּשְׁקָל, שֶׁהַדִּבּוּר יָאִיר לוֹ שֶׁיּוּכַל לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבַת הַמִּשְׁקָל מַמָּשׁ:
EN (our paraphrase): So 'people say: to the town of greens' means that through the sayings and speech of a Jew, the speech will shine for him into the places that need teshuvah, so he can return. And 'carry greens', yarka shekul: shekul means weighed. The speech lights his way to teshuvah that truly matches the weight, teshuvah on the scales.
Part 2 — Humility Opens the Mouth
Scene 2 · LM I:11 §2, on Tehillim 24:10 · paragraph §2.1
אַךְ לַדִּבּוּר שֶׁיָּאִיר לוֹ, אִי אֶפְשָׁר לִזְכּוֹת כִּי אִם עַל־יְדֵי כָּבוֹד, הַיְנוּ שֶׁיִּרְאֶה שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כְּבוֹד הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ בִּשְׁלֵמוּת, שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כְּבוֹדוֹ לְאַיִן נֶגֶד כְּבוֹד הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ, הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי עֲנָוָה וְקַטְנוּת. כִּי עִקַּר בְּחִינַת הַדִּבּוּר הוּא מִכָּבוֹד, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: מִי הוּא זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד – הַיְנוּ מַלְכוּת פֶּה.
EN (our paraphrase): But the speech that shines can be won only through kavod, honour: by seeing to it that the honour of Hashem is complete, that his own honour is as nothing next to the honour of Hashem; that is, through humility and smallness. For speech comes essentially from kavod, as the verse says: 'who is this King of glory?', the king, malchus, which is the mouth.
Scene 4 · LM I:11 §2, on Yehoshua 1:8 and Shemos 10:21 · paragraph §2.2
כִּי כְּשֶׁהַתּוֹרָה בָּאָה לְתוֹךְ דִּבּוּרִים פְּגוּמִים, לְפֶה פָּגוּם, לֹא דַּי שֶׁאֵין דִּבּוּרֵי הַתּוֹרָה מְאִירִים לוֹ כִּי אִם גַּם הַתּוֹרָה עַצְמָהּ נִתְגַּשֵּׁם וְנִתְחַשֵּׁךְ שָׁם מִפִּיו, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: לֹא יָמוּשׁ סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה הַזֶּה מִפִּיךָ, בְּחִינַת וְיָמֵשׁ חשֶׁךְ, הַיְנוּ שֶׁלֹּא יִתְגַּשְּׁמוּ וְיִתְחַשְּׁכוּ מִפִּיךָ,
EN (our paraphrase): For when Torah comes into damaged speech, into a damaged mouth, not only do its words not shine for him; the Torah itself becomes coarse and dark there in his mouth. As the verse says, 'this book of the Torah shall not depart, lo yamush, from your mouth', like 'vayamesh choshech', a darkness that could be felt: let the words not grow coarse and dark in your mouth.
Scene 5 · LM I:11 §2, on Tehillim 17:10 and Yerushalmi Yevamos 12 · paragraph §2.2
כִּי עַל־יְדֵי שֶׁאֵין מַשְׁגִּיחִין שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כְּבוֹד הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ בִּשְׁלֵמוּת, הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי גַּדְלוּת, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה אֵין יְכוֹלִין לִפְתֹּחַ פֶּה, בִּבְחִינַת: סָגְרוּ פִּימוֹ דִּבְּרוּ בְגֵאוּת; כְּמַעֲשֶׂה דְּלֵוִי בַּר סִיסָא, שֶׁהֶעֱלוּהוּ לַבִּימָה, וְטָפַת רוּחוֹ עָלָיו, וְלֹא אֲנִיבוּן.
EN (our paraphrase): For when a person does not take care that the honour of Hashem be complete, that is, through arrogance, he cannot open his mouth, as in 'their mouth is closed; they speak in pride'. Like the story of Levi bar Sisa: they raised him onto the platform, his spirit grew proud, and he could not answer them.
Scene 6 · LM I:11 §2, on Devarim 7:25 and Rosh Hashanah 28a · paragraph §2.3
כִּי עַל־יְדֵי הַגֵּאוּת, הוּא בְּחִינַת עֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים, וּבַעֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים כְּתִיב: פְּסִילֵי אֱלֹקֵיהֶם תִּשְׂרְפוּן בָּאֵשׁ, וְכָל הָעוֹמֵד לִשְׂרֹף כְּשָׂרוּף דָּמֵי, וְכִתוּתֵי מִכְתָּת שִׁעוּרֵהּ, כַּמּוּבָא בַּגְּמָרָא לְעִנְיַן שׁוֹפָר שֶׁל עֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים; וְכֵיוָן שֶׁמִּכְתָּת כָּתִית שִׁעוּרֵהּ, אֵין לוֹ כְּלֵי הַדִּבּוּר לְדַבֵּר עִמָּהֶם.
EN (our paraphrase): For pride is like idol worship, and of idols it is written: 'the carved images of their idols you shall burn in fire'. Whatever stands to be burned is as if already burned, and its size counts as crushed, as the Gemara says about a shofar of idol worship. And since his measure is crushed, he has no vessels of speech to speak with.
Scene 8 · LM I:11 §2, on Yechezkel 43:2 · paragraph §2.4
אַךְ כְּשֶׁהוּא נִזְהָר וְשׁוֹמֵר כְּבוֹד ה' שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בִּשְׁלֵמוּת, שֶׁהוּא נִבְזֶה בְעֵינָיו נִמְאָס, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה יוּכַל לְדַבֵּר דִּבּוּרִים הַמְּאִירִים, בִּבְחִינַת: וְהָאָרֶץ הֵאִירָה מִכְּבוֹדוֹ, וְהֵם מְאִירִים לוֹ לִתְשׁוּבָה, וְיָכוֹל לָבוֹא לִתְבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה לְעָמְקָהּ כַּנַּ"ל:
EN (our paraphrase): But when he takes care and guards the honour of Hashem, that it be complete, so that he is lowly and despised in his own eyes, then he can speak words that shine, as in 'and the earth shone with His glory'. They light up the way to teshuvah for him, and he can come to the Torah's understandings in their depth.
Scene 9 · LM I:11 §3, on Tehillim 30:13 · paragraph §3.1
וְכָבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת אֵינוֹ כִּי אִם עַל־יְדֵי וָא"ו שֶׁיַּמְשִׁיךְ לְתוֹכָהּ, כִּי בְּלֹא וָא"ו נִשְׁאָר כְּבַד פֶּה, וְעַל־יְדֵי וָא"ו הוּא בִּבְחִינַת: כָּבוֹד וְלֹא יִדֹּם.
EN (our paraphrase): Complete honour comes only through the vav that one draws into it. For without the vav it remains kaved, heavy, as in 'heavy of mouth'. With the vav it becomes 'so that kavod may sing to You and not be silent'.
Scene 10 · LM I:11 §3, on Pesachim 5a, Vayikra Rabbah 25 and Sotah 4b · paragraph §3.2
כִּי כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וָא"ו, הוּא מוֹסִיף, הַיְנוּ בְּחִינַת תּוֹסְפוֹת קְדֻשָּׁה, הַיְנוּ שְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית, כְּמַאֲמַר חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה: כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאַתָּה מוֹצֵא גֶּדֶר עֶרְוָה, אַתָּה מוֹצֵא קְדֻשָּׁה, כִּי זֶה תָּלוּי בָּזֶה, גֵּאוּת וְנִאוּף, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה עַל פָּסוּק: וְאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ נֶפֶשׁ יְקָרָה תָּצוּד.
EN (our paraphrase): For wherever a vav is written, it adds, that is, added holiness, which is guarding the covenant, as the Sages said: wherever you find a fence against immorality, you find holiness. For these depend on each other, pride and immorality, as the Sages taught on a verse in Mishlei.
Scene 12 · LM I:11 §3, on Bereishis 35:11 and Rashi · paragraph §3.3
כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: אֲנִי קֵל שַׁ-דַּי, פְּרֵה וּרְבֵה; כִּי שַׁ-דַּי הוּא בְּחִינַת שֶׁיֵּשׁ דַּי בֶּאֱלֹקוּתִי לְכָל בְּרִיָּה,
EN (our paraphrase): As it is written: 'I am Kel Shakai; be fruitful and multiply'. For Shakai means that there is enough, dai, in My Divinity for every creature.
Scene 13 · LM I:11 §3 · paragraph §3.3
וּכְשֶׁאֵינוֹ שׁוֹמֵר הַבְּרִית, הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי גֵּאוּת, הוּא עוֹשֶׂה לְעַצְמוֹ עֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים, הוּא מַרְאֶה שֶׁאֵין דַּי לוֹ בֶּאֱלֹקוּתוֹ, עַד שֶׁצָּרִיךְ עֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים, וְעַל כֵּן פּוֹגֵם בְּשַׁ-דַּי, שֶׁיֵּשׁ דַּי בֶּאֱלֹקוּתוֹ לְכָל בְּרִיָּה; וּכְשֶׁשּׁוֹמֵר הַבְּרִית, הוּא זוֹכֶה לָאוֹר הַמֵּאִיר לוֹ לִתְשׁוּבָה כַּנַּ"ל:
EN (our paraphrase): When he does not guard the covenant, which comes through pride, he makes an idol for himself. He shows that Hashem's Divinity is not enough for him, so that he needs idols; and so he damages Shakai, the truth that Hashem's Divinity is enough for every creature. But when he guards the covenant, he merits the light that shines for him toward teshuvah.
Part 3 — Thirty-Nine Lights, and Two Kinds of Enough
Scene 2 · LM I:11 §4, on Iyov 33:29 · paragraph §4.1
וְאוֹר הַזֶּה הוּא בְּחִינַת טַל אוֹרוֹת הַכְּלוּלִים בַּוָּא"ו שֶׁל כָּבוֹד, בִּבְחִינַת: הֶן כָּל אֵלֶּה יִפְעַל קֵל פַּעֲמַיִם שָׁלוֹשׁ עִם גָּבֶר.
EN (our paraphrase): This light is the tal, the thirty-nine lights contained in the vav of kavod, as the verse says: 'Behold, all these Kel does, twice, three times, with a man'.
Scene 3 · LM I:11 §4 · paragraph §4.1
פַּעֲמַיִם שָׁלוֹשׁ הֵם בְּחִינַת טַל אוֹרוֹת שֶׁל מִלּוּי שָׁלשׁ אוֹתִיּוֹת רִאשׁוֹנוֹת פֵּרוּשׁ, כִּי שָׁלשׁ אוֹתִיּוֹת רִאשׁוֹנוֹת שֶׁל שֵׁם הֲוַיָה בְּמִלּוּי אַלְפִין הֵם בְּגִימַטְרִיָּא טַל, וְהֵם בְּחִינַת טַל אוֹרוֹת, וְהֵם כְּלוּלִים בְּהַוָּא"ו שֶׁל הַשֵּׁם.
EN (our paraphrase): 'Twice, three times' is the tal of lights of the filling of the first three letters. That is: the first three letters of the Name Havayah, spelled out in full with alefs, add up to tal, thirty-nine. These are the thirty-nine lights, and they are contained in the vav of the Name.
Scene 4 · LM I:11 §4, on Shoftim 8:21 and Tikkunei Zohar 31 · paragraph §4.1
עִם גָּבֶר – שֶׁהֵם כְּלוּלִים בַּבְּרִית, כִּי כָּאִישׁ גְּבוּרָתוֹ, וְעַל שֵׁם זֶה נִקְרָא בְּרִית: בּוֹעַז – בּוֹ עַז, בּוֹ תֻּקְפָּא.
EN (our paraphrase): 'With a man', im gaver: they are contained in the covenant, for 'as the man is, so is his strength'. That is why the covenant is called Boaz: bo oz, in him is strength, in him is might.
Scene 6 · LM I:11 §4, on Zohar III 244a · paragraph §4.2
אֲבָל כְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ שׁוֹמֵר הַבְּרִית, הוּא מְקַלְקֵל הַ"טַּל" אוֹרוֹת וּמַמְשִׁיךְ עַל עַצְמוֹ עֹל הַפַּרְנָסָה, הַיְנוּ "טַל" מְלָאכוֹת, כַּמּוּבָא בַּזֹּהַר: מָאן דְּזָרֵק פֵּרוּרִין דְּנַהֲמָא, עֲנִיּוּת רָדֵף אַבַּתְרֵהּ, כָּל־שֶׁכֵּן מָאן דְּזָרֵק פֵּרוּרִין דְּמֹחָא.
EN (our paraphrase): But when he does not guard the covenant, he spoils the tal of lights and draws upon himself the yoke of earning a living, the thirty-nine labours, as the Zohar says: whoever throws away crumbs of bread, poverty chases after him; how much more one who throws away crumbs of the mind.
Scene 7 · LM I:11 §4 · paragraph §4.3
וְזֶה: בּוֹ עַז, בּוֹ כָּלוּל שְׁנֵי הַבְּחִינוֹת, הַיְנוּ ל"ט אוֹרוֹת – מִי שֶׁשּׁוֹמֵר הַבְּרִית, וְל"ט מְלָאכוֹת – מִי שֶׁפּוֹגֵם בּוֹ, כִּי עַז עִם הַכּוֹלֵל שְׁתֵּי פְּעָמִים טַל.
EN (our paraphrase): And this is 'bo oz': both aspects are contained in it, thirty-nine lights for one who guards the covenant, and thirty-nine labours for one who damages it. For oz, strength, counted with the word itself, is twice tal.
Scene 8 · LM I:11 §4, on Shemos 38:21 and Shabbos 49b · paragraph §4.4
וְזֶה: מִשְׁכָּן מִשְׁכָּן שְׁנֵי פְּעָמִים, שְׁנֵי פְּעָמִים ל"ט, כִּי ל"ט מְלָאכוֹת גָּמְרִינַן מִמִּשְׁכָּן.
EN (our paraphrase): And this is why 'Mishkan, Mishkan' is written twice: twice thirty-nine, for the thirty-nine labours of Shabbos are learned from the Mishkan.
Scene 9 · LM I:11 §4, on Tikkunei Zohar and Devarim 25:3 · paragraph §4.4
וּמִי שֶׁשּׁוֹמֵר אֶת בְּרִיתוֹ, אַף־עַל־פִּי שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה הַל"ט מְלָאכוֹת, הֵם בִּבְחִינַת מְלֶאכֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, הַיְנוּ מִשְׁכָּן בְּבִנְיָנֵהּ, בְּחִינַת ל"ט אוֹרוֹת; אַךְ מִי שֶׁפּוֹגֵם בַּבְּרִית, הַמְּלָאכוֹת שֶׁלּוֹ הֵם בִּבְחִינַת מִשְׁכָּן בְּחֻרְבָּנֵהּ, בִּבְחִינַת ל"ט מַלְקוֹת, בְּחִינַת: אַרְבָּעִים יַכֶּנּוּ וְלֹא יוֹסִיף, הַיְנוּ בְּחִינַת פְּגַם הַבְּרִית, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת תּוֹסָפוֹת כַּנַּ"ל:
EN (our paraphrase): One who guards his covenant, even while doing the thirty-nine labours, they are like the work of the Mishkan, the Mishkan in its building: thirty-nine lights. But for one who damages the covenant, his labours are the Mishkan in its destruction, the thirty-nine lashes: 'forty he shall strike him, and not add'. That is the damage of the covenant, which is 'adding', as above.
Scene 11 · LM I:11 §5 · paragraph §5.1
וּשְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית יֵשׁ בּוֹ שְׁנֵי בְּחִינוֹת: יֵשׁ מִי שֶׁזִּוּוּגוֹ בְּשֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, וְאַף־עַל־פִּי־כֵן הוּא שׁוֹמֵר אֶת בְּרִיתוֹ עַל־פִּי הַתּוֹרָה, שֶׁאֵינוֹ יוֹצֵא מִדִּינֵי הַתּוֹרָה; וְיֵשׁ מִי שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹמֵר הַבְּרִית, שֶׁזִּוּוּגוֹ מִשַּׁבָּת לְשַׁבָּת,
EN (our paraphrase): Guarding the covenant has two aspects. There is one whose marital times fall on weekdays, and yet he guards his covenant according to the Torah, never leaving its laws. And there is one who guards the covenant with marital times only from Shabbos to Shabbos.
Scene 12 · LM I:11 §5, on Bereishis Rabbah 46 and Chagigah 12a · paragraph §5.2
וְהוּא בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה. וְזֶה בְּחִינַת שַׁ-דַּי שֶׁל שַׁבָּת, שֶׁאָמַר לְעוֹלָמוֹ דַּי, שֶׁצִּמְצֵם אֶת עַצְמוֹ מִכָּל הַמְּלָאכוֹת, וְזֶה בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה.
EN (our paraphrase): These are the higher unity and the lower unity. This is Shakai of Shabbos: the One who said to His world 'dai', enough, who held Himself back from all the labours. That is the higher unity.
Scene 13 · LM I:11 §5, on Shemos 23:21, Rashi and the Zohar · paragraph §5.3
וְיֵשׁ בְּחִינַת שַׁ-דַּי שֶׁל חֹל, שֶׁגַּם בְּחֹל יֵשׁ צִמְצוּמִים מִמְּלָאכָה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ, וְזֶה בְּחִינַת מט"ט, שֶׁשֻּׁלְטְנוּתֵהּ שֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, בְּחִינַת שִׁשָּׁה סִדְרֵי מִשְׁנָה שֶׁשְּׁמוֹ כְּשֵׁם רַבּוֹ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: כִּי שְׁמִי בְּקִרְבּוֹ; וְזֶה בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, הַיְנוּ שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא מַלְבִּישׁ אֶת עַצְמוֹ בְּמט"ט בְּשֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, וּמַנְהִיג הָעוֹלָם עַל־יָדוֹ:
EN (our paraphrase): And there is Shakai of the weekdays, for during the week too there are holdings-back, from one labour to the next. This is the angel Mem-Tet-Tet, whose rule is the six weekdays, the six orders of the Mishnah, whose name is like his Master's, as it is written, 'for My Name is within him'. This is the lower unity: the Holy One, blessed be He, clothes Himself in this angel during the six weekdays and guides the world through him.
Part 4 — Halacha and Kabbalah, Trees and Grasses
Scene 2 · LM I:11 §6, on Tehillim 29:2 and 100:1 · paragraph §6.1
וְזֶה בְּחִינַת הֲלָכָה וְקַבָּלָה: קַבָּלָה הִיא בְּחִינַת: הִ'שְׁתַּחֲווּ לַ'ה' בְּ'הַדְרַת קֹ'דֶשׁ – רָאשֵׁי־תֵּבוֹת קַבָּלָה; וַהֲלָכָה הִיא בְּחִינַת: הָ'רִיעוּ לַ'ה' כָּ'ל הָ'אָרֶץ – רָאשֵׁי־ תֵבוֹת הֲלָכָה, כַּמּוּבָא בַּכַּוָּנוֹת.
EN (our paraphrase): This is Halacha and Kabbalah. Kabbalah is 'Bow to Hashem in the splendour of holiness', hishtachavu laHashem b'hadras kodesh, whose first letters spell Kabbalah. And Halacha is 'Shout to Hashem, all the earth', hari'u laHashem kol ha'aretz, whose first letters spell Halacha, as brought in the Kavanos.
Scene 3 · LM I:11 §6, on Bereishis 42:6 and Devarim 33:17 · paragraph §6.2
הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ לַה' בְּהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ, זֶה בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה, הַיְנוּ זִוּוּג שֶׁל שַׁבָּת, וְזֶה בְּחִינַת בְּרִית עִלָּאָה, שֶׁשָּׁם עִקַּר הַהִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָה, בִּבְחִינַת: וַיָּבֹאוּ אַחֵי יוֹסֵף וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ לוֹ, וְהוּא בְּחִינַת הַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ, בִּבְחִינַת: בְּכוֹר שׁוֹרוֹ הָדָר לוֹ.
EN (our paraphrase): 'Bow to Hashem in the splendour of holiness' is the higher unity, the union of Shabbos, the upper covenant, where bowing belongs above all, as in 'Yosef's brothers came and bowed to him'. And it is 'the splendour of holiness', as in 'his firstborn ox, splendour is his'.
Scene 4 · LM I:11 §6, on Yeshayahu 24:16 and 30:20 · paragraph §6.3
הָרִיעוּ לַה' כָּל הָאָרֶץ – זֶה בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, הַיְנוּ זִוּוּג שֶׁל חֹל, שֶׁהוּא בִּבְחִינַת מט"ט, שֶׁשֻּׁלְטְנוּתֵהּ שֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, שִׁשָּׁה סִדְרֵי מִשְׁנָה. וְזֶה: הָרִיעוּ, בִּבְחִינַת: מִכְּנַף הָאָרֶץ זְמִרֹת שָׁמַעְנוּ, כִּי מט"ט הוּא בִּבְחִינַת כָּנָף, לְשׁוֹן: וְלֹא יִכָּנֵף עוֹד מוֹרֶיךָ, כִּי בּוֹ מִתְלַבֵּשׁ הַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא בְּשֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, כַּיָּדוּעַ:
EN (our paraphrase): 'Shout to Hashem, all the earth' is the lower unity, the weekday union, through the angel whose rule is the six weekdays, the six orders of the Mishnah. Hari'u is a word of trumpeting and song, as in 'from the wing of the earth we heard songs'. For that angel is a wing, as in 'your Teacher will no longer be hidden behind a wing'; for in him the Holy One, blessed be He, is clothed during the six weekdays, as is known.
Scene 6 · LM I:11 §7 · paragraph §7.1
וְזֶה בְּחִינַת רָזִין, וְרָזִין דְּרָזִין: רָזִין הוּא בְּחִינַת הֲלָכָה, רָזִין דְּרָזִין הוּא בְּחִינַת קַבָּלָה. הִתְלַבְּשׁוּת הַקַּבָּלָה בַּהֲלָכָה הוּא בְּחִינַת הַנְהָגַת הַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא בְּשֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה.
EN (our paraphrase): And this is razin and razin d'razin, secrets and secrets of secrets. Secrets are Halacha; secrets of secrets are Kabbalah. Kabbalah clothed within Halacha is the way the Holy One, blessed be He, guides the world during the six weekdays, the lower unity.
Scene 7 · LM I:11 §7, on Yeshayahu 24:16 · paragraph §7.2
וְזֶה בְּחִינַת: צְבִי לַצַּדִּיק רָזִי־לִי רָזִי־לִי. צְבִי לַצַּדִּיק, הַיְנוּ בְּחִינַת קְדֻשַּׁת הַזִּוּוּג, יֵשׁ בּוֹ שְׁנֵי רָזִין, הַיְנוּ יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, שֶׁהֵם בְּחִינַת הֲלָכָה וְקַבָּלָה, בְּחִינַת רָזִין וְרָזִין דְּרָזִין.
EN (our paraphrase): And this is 'Splendour to the tzaddik; my secret is mine, my secret is mine', the end of the verse 'from the wing of the earth'. 'Splendour to the tzaddik' is the holiness of the marital bond. It holds two secrets, the higher and the lower unity, which are Halacha and Kabbalah, secrets and secrets of secrets.
Scene 8 · LM I:11 §7, on Chullin 60a and Tehillim 104:31 · paragraph §7.3
וְזֶה שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה: 'יְהִי כְבוֹד ה' לְעוֹלָם' שַׂר הָעוֹלָם אֲמָרוֹ. בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא לָאִילָנוֹת: לְמִינֵהוּ, נָשְׂאוּ דְּשָׁאִים קַל־וָחֹמֶר בְּעַצְמָן: מָה אִילָנוֹת, שֶׁהֵם גְּבוֹהִים וְאֵינָם תְּכוּפִים, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ־ בָּרוּךְ־הוּא "לְמִינֵהוּ", כָּל שֶׁכֵּן אֲנַן, שֶׁאָנוּ קְטַנִּים וּתְכוּפִים, שֶׁצְּרִיכִים לָצֵאת לְמִינֵהוּ. פָּתַח שַׂר הָעוֹלָם וְאָמַר: יְהִי כְבוֹד ה' לְעוֹלָם.
EN (our paraphrase): This is what the Sages said: 'May the glory of Hashem endure forever' was said by the Minister of the World. When the Holy One, blessed be He, told the trees 'after its kind', the grasses reasoned: if the trees, which are tall and not crowded, were told 'after its kind', how much more we, small and crowded, must go out after our kinds. At once the Minister of the World opened and said: 'May the glory of Hashem endure forever.'
Scene 9 · LM I:11 §7, on Shemos 31:16 · paragraph §7.4
כִּי בֶּאֱמֶת גַּם הַגְּדוֹלִים, שֶׁזִּוּוּגָן אֵינָם תְּכוּפִים, רַק מִשַּׁבָּת לְשַׁבָּת, גַּם לָהֶם הִזְהִירָה הַתּוֹרָה עַל שְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית, שֶׁיִּשְׁמְרוּ אֶת עַצְמָן, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: וְשָׁמְרוּ בְ'נֵי יִ'שְׂרָאֵל אֶ'ת הַ'שַּׁבָּת – רָאשֵׁי־תֵּבוֹת בִּיאָה, כַּמּוּבָא בַּכַּוָּנוֹת. הַיְנוּ אַף־עַל־פִּי שֶׁזִּוּוּגוֹ הוּא רַק מִשַּׁבָּת לְשַׁבָּת, אַף־עַל־פִּי־כֵן צָרִיךְ שְׁמִירָה גְּדוֹלָה, בְּחִינַת: וְשָׁמְרוּ וְכוּ';
EN (our paraphrase): For in truth even the great, whose marital times are not frequent, only from Shabbos to Shabbos, are also warned by the Torah to guard the covenant, as it is written, 'the children of Israel shall keep the Shabbos', whose first letters, as the Kavanos bring, hint at the marital bond. Though it is only from Shabbos to Shabbos, he still needs great guarding: 'they shall keep'.
Scene 10 · LM I:11 §7 · paragraph §7.5
כָּל שֶׁכֵּן הַקְּטַנִּים, שֶׁהֵם בְּחִינַת דְּשָׁאִין, שֶׁזִּוּוּגָם תְּכוּפִים, גַּם בְּשֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, מִכָּל שֶׁכֵּן שֶׁצְּרִיכִים שְׁמִירָה גְּדוֹלָה לִשְׁמֹר אֶת בְּרִיתָם, שֶׁיִּשְׁמְרוּ אֶת עַצְמָם עַל־פִּי הַתּוֹרָה, בִּבְחִינַת: לְמִינֵיהֶם.
EN (our paraphrase): How much more the small, who are like the grasses, whose times are frequent, on weekdays too: they surely need great care to guard their covenant, keeping themselves according to the Torah, 'after their kinds'.
Scene 11 · LM I:11 §7 · paragraph §7.6
מִיָּד כְּשֶׁשָּׁמַע שַׂר הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁהוּא מט"ט, שֶׁשֻּׁלְטְנוּתֵהּ שֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַחֹל, בְּחִינַת דְּשָׁאִים, בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, פָּתַח וְאָמַר: יְהִי כְבוֹד ה' – כְּבוֹד דַּיְקָא, כִּי עַל־יְדֵי שְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית בִּשְׁנֵי הַבְּחִינוֹת הַנַּ"ל, הַכָּבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת כַּנַּ"ל.
EN (our paraphrase): As soon as the Minister of the World heard this, the angel Mem-Tet-Tet, whose rule is the six weekdays, the grasses, the lower unity, he opened and said: 'May the glory of Hashem...', glory precisely. For through guarding the covenant in both these ways, the glory is complete.
Scene 12 · LM I:11 §7 · paragraph §7.7
נִמְצָא, שֶׁעַל־יְדֵי שְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית בִּשְׁנֵי הַבְּחִינוֹת הַנַּ"ל, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, הַיְנוּ מֵאִילָנוֹת וּדְשָׁאִים, גְּדוֹלִים וּקְטַנִּים, זִוּוּג שֶׁל שַׁבָּת וְזִוּוּג שֶׁל חֹל, בְּחִינַת הֲלָכָה וְקַבָּלָה, רָזִין וְרָזִין דְּרָזִין, אֲזַי הַכָּבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת כַּנַּ"ל, וְעַל־יְדֵי הַכָּבוֹד זוֹכֶה לְדִבּוּר הַמֵּאִיר, וְעַל־יְדֵי הַדִּבּוּר יָכוֹל לָבוֹא לִתְבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה לְעָמְקָהּ כַּנַּ"ל:
EN (our paraphrase): So through guarding the covenant in both ways, the higher and lower unity, trees and grasses, great and small, the union of Shabbos and of weekday, Halacha and Kabbalah, secrets and secrets of secrets, the glory becomes complete. Through that glory one merits speech that shines, and through the speech one can come to the Torah's understandings in their depth.
Part 5 — The Bird with Its Head in the Sky
Scene 2 · LM I:11 §8, on Bava Basra 73b · paragraph §8.1
וְזֶה שֶׁאָמַר רַבָּה בַּר בַּר־חָנָה: זִמְנָא חֲדָא הֲוֵי אָזְלִינַן בִּסְפִינְתָּא, וַחֲזָאִי לְהַאי צִפָּרְתָּא, דַּהֲוֵי קָאֵי עַד קַרְסֻלֵּהּ בְּמַיָּא, וְרֵישֵׁהּ בָּרָקִיעַ. וְאָמְרִינַן לֵית מַיָּא, וּבָעֵינַן לְמֵיחַת לַאֲקוּרֵי נַפְשִׁין.
EN (our paraphrase): This is what Rabbah bar bar Chanah said: Once we were travelling on a ship, and I saw a bird standing in the water up to its ankles, with its head in the sky. We said: there is no water here; and we wanted to go down to cool ourselves.
Scene 3 · LM I:11 §8, on Bava Basra 73b and Tehillim 50:11 · paragraph §8.1
נְפַק בְּרַת־קָלָא וְאָמַר לָן: לָא תְּחוּתוּ לְהָכָא, דִּנְפַלָא לֵהּ חֲצִינָא לְבַר־נַגָּרָא הָכָא הָא שְׁבַע שְׁנִין, וְלָא מָטֵי לְאַרְעָא. וְלָא מִשּׁוּם דִּנְפִישָׁא מַיָּא, אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם דִּרְדִיפָא מַיָּא. אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי: הַאי זִיז שָׂדַי הוּא, דִּכְתִיב: וְזִיז שָׂדַי עִמָּדִי:
EN (our paraphrase): A heavenly voice came out and said to us: do not go down here, for a carpenter's axe fell here seven years ago and it has not reached the bottom. And not because the water is plentiful, but because the water is swift. Rav Ashi said: this is the Ziz sadai, as it is written, 'and the Ziz of the field is with me'.
Scene 4 · LM I:11 §8, on Vayikra Rabbah 16 and Arachin 16b · paragraph §8.2
צִפָּרְתָּא זֶה בְּחִינַת הַדִּבּוּר, שֶׁהוּא אֶמְצָעִי בֵּין הָאָדָם, שֶׁהוּא נִתְהַוֶּה מִמַּיִּין דּוּכְרִין וְנוּקְבִין, וּבֵין הַשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת תְּבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה, כַּמּוּבָא עַל מְצֹרָע שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְהָבִיא שְׁנֵי צִפֳּרִים, יָבוֹא פַּטָּטַיָּא וִיכַפֵּר עַל פַּטָּטַיָּא. וְזֶהוּ:
EN (our paraphrase): The bird is speech, which stands in the middle, between man, who is formed from the waters of father and mother, and the heavens, which are the Torah's understandings. As is taught about the metzora, who must bring two birds: let the chatterer come and atone for the chatter. And so:
Scene 6 · LM I:11 §8, on Ruth 3:7 · paragraph §8.3
דְּקָאֵי עַד קַרְסֻלֵּהּ בְּמַיָּא – כִּי מֵאַחַר שֶׁהַדִּבּוּר צָרִיךְ לְהָאִיר לוֹ בְּכָל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת שָׁם תְּשׁוּבָה, הוּא לִפְעָמִים בִּבְחִינַת: וַתְּגַל מַרְגְּלֹתָיו וַתִּשְׁכָּב – שֶׁהַדִּבּוּר צָרִיךְ לְהָאִיר בָּאָדָם, שֶׁהוּא לְמַטָּה בְּמַדְרֵגָה פְּחוּתָה, וְעַל כֵּן נִקְרָא הַדִּבּוּר צִפַּרְתָּא דְּקָאֵי עַד קַרְסֻלֵּהּ בְּמַיָּא.
EN (our paraphrase): 'Standing in the water up to its ankles': since speech must shine for him in every place where he needs to do teshuvah, it is sometimes like 'she uncovered his feet and lay down'. Speech must shine for a person who is down below, on a low level. So speech is called a bird standing up to its ankles in water.
Scene 7 · LM I:11 §8 · paragraph §8.4
מַיָּא הוּא בְּחִינַת הָאָדָם, שֶׁנִּתְהַוֶּה מִמַּיִּין דּוּכְרִין וּמַיִּין נוּקְבִין כַּיָּדוּעַ, וְהַדִּבּוּר, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת צִפַּרְתָּא, קָאֵי עַד קַרְסֻלֵּהּ, אֵצֶל הָאָדָם שֶׁהוּא בְּמַדְרֵגָה פְּחוּתָה, כְּדֵי לְהָאִיר לוֹ, בִּבְחִינַת וַתְּגַל מַרְגְּלֹתָיו וְכוּ' כַּנַּ"ל, וְזֶהוּ: דְּקָאֵי עַד קַרְסֻלֵּהּ בְּמַיָּא כַּנַּ"ל.
EN (our paraphrase): The water is man, who is formed from the waters, as is known. And speech, the bird, stands 'up to its ankles', beside a person on a low level, to shine for him, as in 'she uncovered his feet', as above. That is 'standing in the water up to its ankles'.
Scene 8 · LM I:11 §8 · paragraph §8.5
וְאָמְרִינַן לֵית מַיָּא – הַיְנוּ שֶׁהֵבִינוּ, שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר לִזְכּוֹת לְדִבּוּר אֶלָּא עַל־יְדֵי כָּבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת, שֶׁיִּהְיֶה הָאָדָם בְּעֵינָיו אֶפֶס וָאַיִן. וְזֶהוּ: לֵית מַיָּא – שֶׁהָאָדָם יַחֲזִיק עַצְמוֹ לְאַיִן.
EN (our paraphrase): 'We said, there is no water': that is, they understood that speech can be won only through complete honour, when a person is nothing and naught in his own eyes. 'There is no water': a person should hold himself as nothing.
Scene 9 · LM I:11 §8, on Yeshayahu 13:12 · paragraph §8.6
וּבָעֵינַן לִנְחוּתֵי – לְשׁוֹן שִׁפְלוּת, הַיְנוּ לִהְיוֹת שָׁפָל וְעָנָו. אַךְ שֶׁהָיָה לְאַקוּרֵי נַפְשִׁין – לְשׁוֹן: אוֹקִיר אֱנוֹשׁ מִפָּז, הַיְנוּ שֶׁהָיָה הָעֲנָוָה בִּשְׁבִיל גַּדְלוּת, כְּדֵי לְהִתְכַּבֵּד וּלְהִתְיַקֵּר, כִּי מֵחֲמַת שֶׁיּוֹדְעִין גֹּדֶל בִּזּוּי הַגַּדְלוּת, עַל כֵּן הֵם עֲנָוִים, בִּשְׁבִיל לְהִתְכַּבֵּד וּלְהִתְיַקֵּר עַל־יְדֵי הָעֲנָוָה, וְזֶהוּ בְּחִינַת עֲנִיווּת שֶׁהוּא תַּכְלִית הַגַּדְלוּת.
EN (our paraphrase): 'We wanted to go down': a word of lowliness, to be low and humble. But it was 'to make ourselves precious', as in 'I will make man more precious than fine gold'. Their humility was for the sake of greatness, to be honoured and esteemed. Knowing how despised pride is, they were humble in order to be honoured through humility; and that is a humility which is the height of pride.
Scene 10 · LM I:11 §8 · paragraph §8.7
וְזֶהוּ: וּבָעֵינַן לִנְחוּתֵי – לִהְיוֹת שְׁפָלִים וַעֲנָוִים, לְאוֹקוּרֵי נַפְשִׁין – כְּדֵי שֶׁעַל־יְדֵי־זֶה נִהְיֶה יְקָרִים וַחֲשׁוּבִים, כִּי הַגַּאֲוָה מְבֻזָּה מְאֹד.
EN (our paraphrase): So 'we wanted to go down': to be low and humble; 'to make ourselves precious': so that through it we would be precious and important, for pride is very despised.
Scene 11 · LM I:11 §8 · paragraph §8.8
נְפַק בְּרַת־קָלָא וְאָמַר, לָא תְּחוּתוּ לְהָכָא – לָא תְּחוּתוּ לִהְיוֹת שְׁפָלִים בִּשְׁבִיל זֶה, בִּשְׁבִיל לְאוֹקוּרֵי נַפְשִׁין – שֶׁהִזְהִירָם הַבַּת־קוֹל שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ עֲנָוִים בִּשְׁבִיל לְהִתְיַקֵּר וּלְהִתְכַּבֵּד, כִּי זֶה עֲנִיווּת הִיא תַּכְלִית הַגַּדְלוּת.
EN (our paraphrase): 'A heavenly voice came out and said: do not go down here': do not make yourselves lowly for this, to make yourselves precious. The voice warned them not to be humble in order to be esteemed and honoured, for such humility is the height of pride.
Scene 13 · LM I:11 §8, on Avos 4:4 · paragraph §8.9
דִּנְפַלָּה חֲצִינָא לְבַר־נַגָּרָא הָא שְׁבַע שְׁנִין, וְלָא מָטְיָא לְאַרְעָא – שֶׁהַבַּת־קוֹל הוֹדִיעָה לָהֶם שֹׁרֶשׁ הַגַּדְלוּת, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְרַחֲקוּ עַד קָצֶה אַחֲרוֹן, וְלָא יְחוּתוּ לְהָכָא – שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ עֲנָוִים בִּשְׁבִיל גַּדְלוּת, כְּמַאֲמַר חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה: מְאֹד מְאֹד הֱוֵי שְׁפַל־רוּחַ;
EN (our paraphrase): 'For a carpenter's axe fell here seven years ago and has not reached the ground': the heavenly voice told them the root of pride, so that they would distance themselves from it to the very last extreme, and not 'go down here', not be humble for the sake of greatness. As the Sages said: be very, very lowly of spirit.
Scene 14 · LM I:11 §8, on Tehillim 93:1 · paragraph §8.9
הַיְנוּ שֶׁהוֹדִיעָה לָהֶם, שֶׁהַגַּדְלוּת הוּא מִנְּפִילוֹת הַהִתְפָּאֲרוּת וְהַגַּאֲוָה שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא, שֶׁהוּא לְבוּשׁוֹ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: ה' מָלָךְ גֵּאוּת לָבֵשׁ.
EN (our paraphrase): That is, it told them that pride comes from the fallen part of the glory and majesty of the Holy One, blessed be He, which is His garment, as it is written: 'Hashem reigns; He is clothed in majesty'.
Scene 15 · LM I:11 §8, on Tehillim 129:7 · paragraph §8.10
וְזֶה: דִּנְפַלָא חֲצִינָא – בְּחִינַת לְבוּשׁ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: וְחִצְנוֹ מְעַמֵּר.
EN (our paraphrase): And this is 'the axe fell', chatzina: it is a garment, as in the verse 'nor the sheaf-binder his fold', chitzno.
Part 6 — Why the Exile Is Long, and the Ziz of the Field
Scene 2 · LM I:11 §8, on Tehillim 104:3 and Chullin 60a · paragraph §8.11
בַּר נַגָּרָא – זֶה הַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: הַמְקָרֶה בַמַּיִם עֲלִיּוֹתָיו, וּכְמַאֲמַר: אֱלֹקֵיכֶם נַגָּר הוּא.
EN (our paraphrase): 'The carpenter', bar nagara: this is the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is written, 'He who roofs His upper chambers with water', and as the Gemara says: your Elokim is a carpenter.
Scene 3 · LM I:11 §8, on Gittin 88a and Yeshayahu 44:13 · paragraph §8.11
מִנְּפִילַת הַלְּבוּשׁ הַזֶּה נִתְהַוָּה הַגַּדְלוּת, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת שֶׁבַע בָּתֵּי עַכּוּ"ם, שֶׁעַל־יְדֵי־זֶה גָּלוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאַרְצָם, כְּמַאֲמַר חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה: לֹא גָּלוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד שֶׁעָבְדוּ בָּהּ שֶׁבַע בָּתֵּי עַכּוּ"ם; וּבִשְׁבִיל זֶה נִקְרָא עַכּוּ"ם בִּלְשׁוֹן תִּפְאֶרֶת, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: כְּתִפְאֶרֶת אָדָם לָשֶׁבֶת בָּיִת; כִּי הָעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, שֶׁהוּא הַגַּדְלוּת, הוּא מִנְּפִילַת הִתְפָּאֲרוּתוֹ.
EN (our paraphrase): From the fall of this garment came pride, which is the seven houses of idolatry; because of it Israel were exiled from their land, as the Sages said: Israel were not exiled until they served seven houses of idolatry. That is why idolatry is called by a word of splendour: 'like the splendour of a man, to dwell in a house'. For idolatry, which is pride, comes from the fall of His splendour.
Scene 5 · LM I:11 §8 · paragraph §8.12
וְזֶהוּ: הָא שְׁבַע שְׁנִין – זֶה בְּחִינַת הַגַּדְלוּת, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת שֶׁבַע בָּתֵּי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה כַּנַּ"ל.
EN (our paraphrase): And this is 'seven years': pride, the seven houses of idolatry, as above.
Scene 6 · LM I:11 §8 · paragraph §8.13
וְזֶהוּ: וְלָא מְטֵי לְאַרְעָא – הַיְנוּ שֶׁעַל־יְדֵי הֶעָווֹן הַזֶּה עֲדַיִן לֹא חָזַרְנוּ לְאַרְצֵנוּ, כִּי עַל־יְדֵי הֶעָווֹן הַזֶּה, שֶׁהוּא הַגַּדְלוּת, שֶׁהוּא כְּעוֹבֵד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, בְּחִינַת שֶׁבַע בָּתֵּי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה גָּלִינוּ מֵאַרְצֵנוּ כַּנַּ"ל, וְעַל־יְדֵי־זֶה עֲדַיִן לֹא חָזַרְנוּ לְאַרְצֵנוּ – הַכֹּל עַל־יְדֵי הֶעָווֹן הַזֶּה שֶׁל הַגַּדְלוּת, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה כַּנַּ"ל.
EN (our paraphrase): And this is 'it has not reached the ground': through this sin we have still not returned to our Land. Through pride, which is like serving idols, the seven houses of idolatry, we were exiled from our Land, and through it we have not yet returned: all because of this sin of pride, which is like idol worship.
Scene 7 · LM I:11 §8, on Devarim 7:17 · paragraph §8.14
וְזֶהוּ: וְלָא מִשּׁוּם דִּנְפִישֵׁי מַיָּא – הַיְנוּ, לֹא תֹּאמַר שֶׁבִּשְׁבִיל זֶה לָא מְטֵי לְאַרְעָא, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁאֵין יְכוֹלִין לְהַגִּיעַ וְלָשׁוּב לְאֶרֶץ־יִשְׂרָאֵל, מִשּׁוּם דִּנְפִישֵׁי מַיָּא, מֵחֲמַת שֶׁהָעַכּוּ"ם הֵם רַבִּים, בְּחִינַת רַבִּים הַגּוֹיִם הָאֵלֶּה, שֶׁהֵם בְּחִינַת מַיִם רַבִּים.
EN (our paraphrase): And this is 'not because the water is plentiful': do not say that we cannot reach and return to Eretz Yisrael because the water is plentiful, because the nations are many, as in 'these nations are many', which are 'many waters'.
Scene 8 · LM I:11 §8, on Tehillim 29:3 · paragraph §8.15
אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם דִּרְדִיפֵי מַיָּא – שֶׁהֵם רוֹדְפִים אַחַר הַכָּבוֹד, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת מַיִם, בְּחִינַת קֵל הַכָּבוֹד הִרְעִים ה' עַל מַיִם רַבִּים; עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה אֵין יְכוֹלִין לְהַגִּיעַ וְלַחֲזֹר לְאֶרֶץ־יִשְׂרָאֵל, הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי רְדִיפַת הַכָּבוֹד וְהַגַּדְלוּת, כִּי עִקַּר אֲרִיכַת הַגָּלוּת שֶׁאֵין יְכוֹלִין לָשׁוּב לְאַרְצֵנוּ, הוּא רַק מֵחֲמַת עֲווֹן הַגַּדְלוּת וּרְדִיפַת הַכָּבוֹד כַּנַּ"ל.
EN (our paraphrase): 'But because the water is swift', rodfim, chasing: they chase after honour, which is water, as in 'the Kel of glory thunders; Hashem is over many waters'. Because of this we cannot reach and return to Eretz Yisrael. The length of the exile, that we cannot return to our Land, comes only from the sin of pride and the chasing of honour.
Scene 10 · LM I:11 §8 · paragraph §8.16
כָּל זֶה הוֹדִיעָה לָהֶם הַבַּת־קוֹל, גֹּדֶל בִּזּוּי הַגַּדְלוּת, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְרַחֲקוּ מֵהַגַּדְלוּת עַד קָצֶה אַחֲרוֹן כַּנַּ"ל, וְאָז כְּבוֹד הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ בִּשְׁלֵמוּת כַּנַּ"ל, וְאָז זוֹכִין לַדִּבּוּר הַמֵּאִיר, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת צִפַּרְתָּא
EN (our paraphrase): All this the heavenly voice told them, how despised pride is, so that they would flee from it to the very last extreme. Then the honour of Hashem is complete, and then one merits the speech that shines, which is the bird described above.
Scene 11 · LM I:11 §8 · paragraph §8.16
אֲבָל אֵיךְ זוֹכִין לָזֶה, לְשַׁבֵּר הַגַּדְלוּת וְהַכָּבוֹד שֶׁל עַצְמוֹ לְגַמְרֵי, וְשֶׁיִּהְיֶה כְּבוֹד הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ בִּשְׁלֵמוּת – הוּא עַל־יְדֵי שְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית בִּשְׁתֵּי בְּחִינוֹת הַנַּ"ל, שֶׁהֵם בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה. וְזֶהוּ שֶׁאָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי:
EN (our paraphrase): But how does one come to this, to break his own pride and honour completely, so that the honour of Hashem is complete? Through guarding the covenant in the two ways above, the higher and lower unity. And this is what Rav Ashi said:
Scene 12 · LM I:11 §8 · paragraph §8.17
הַאי זִיז שָׂדַי הוּא – הַיְנוּ בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, שֶׁעַל־יְדֵי יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, שֶׁהֵם בְּחִינַת שְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית בִּשְׁתֵּי בְּחִינוֹת כַּנַּ"ל, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה הַכָּבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת, וְעַל־יְדֵי כָּבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת זוֹכִין לְצִפַּרְתָּא, שֶׁהוּא הַדִּבּוּר, שֶׁהוּא אֶמְצָעִי בֵּין מַיָּא לָרָקִיעַ
EN (our paraphrase): 'This is the Ziz sadai': the higher and the lower unity. Through them, which are guarding the covenant in both ways, the honour becomes complete; and through complete honour one merits the bird, which is speech, standing between the water and the sky.
Scene 13 · LM I:11 §8, on Bereishis Rabbah 19 and Vayikra Rabbah 22 · paragraph §8.17
כִּי זִיז הוּא בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, בְּחִינַת מט"ט, בְּחִינַת: מִכְּנַף הָאָרֶץ כַּנַּ"ל. כִּי אִיתָא בְּמִדְרָשׁ־רַבָּה: עוֹף אֶחָד יֵשׁ, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁמַּפְרִישׂ אֶת כְּנָפָיו הוּא מַחֲשִׁיךְ אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, וְזִיז שְׁמוֹ;
EN (our paraphrase): For the Ziz is the lower unity, the angel of the weekdays, 'from the wing of the earth'. As the Midrash Rabbah says: there is a bird which, when it spreads its wings, darkens the sun, and its name is Ziz.
Scene 14 · LM I:11 §8 · paragraph §8.17
וְזֶה בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה, בְּחִינַת מט"ט, בְּחִינַת מִכְּנַף הָאָרֶץ, שֶׁבּוֹ מִתְלַבֵּשׁ בְּרִית עִלָּאָה, שֶׁהוּא בְּחִינַת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, שָׂדַי – זֶה בְּחִינַת יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה כַּנַּ"ל:
EN (our paraphrase): This is the lower unity, that angel, 'the wing of the earth', in which the upper covenant, the sun, is clothed. And sadai, the field, is the higher unity, as above.
Scene 16 · LM I:11 §9, on Yeshayahu 42:8 and Tehillim 145:21 · paragraph §9.1, §9.2, §9.3, §9.4, §9.5
וְזֶה: אֲנִי ה' – יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה, הוּא שְׁמִי – יִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה; וּכְבוֹדִי לְאַחֵר לֹא אֶתֵּן – זֶה בְּחִינַת כָּבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת, וּתְהִלָּתִי לַפְּסִילִים – זֶה בְּחִינַת הַדִּבּוּר, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: תְּהִלַּת ה' יְדַבֶּר פִּי – הַכֹּל כַּנַּ"ל:
EN (our paraphrase): And this is: 'I am Hashem': the higher unity. 'That is My Name': the lower unity. 'My glory I will not give to another': complete honour. 'Nor My praise to carved idols': this is speech, as it is written, 'my mouth will speak the praise of Hashem'. All as above.
Hebrew phrases in the Explainer
Scene 2 · §1.2: כִּי יֵשׁ יִחוּדָא עִלָּאָה וְיִחוּדָא תַּתָּאָה,
Scene 3 · §1.3: רַק עַל־יְדֵי אֶמְצָעוּת הַדִּבּוּר יָכוֹל לָבוֹא לִתְבוּנוֹת הַתּוֹרָה
Scene 4 · §1.4: פְּתַח פִּיךָ וְיָאִירוּ דְּבָרֶיךָ.
Scene 5 · §1.7: יָאִיר לוֹ הַדִּבּוּר, שֶׁיּוּכַל לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה.
Scene 6 · §2.1: שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כְּבוֹדוֹ לְאַיִן נֶגֶד כְּבוֹד הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ, הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי עֲנָוָה וְקַטְנוּת.
Scene 7 · §2.2: סָגְרוּ פִּימוֹ דִּבְּרוּ בְגֵאוּת;
Scene 8 · §2.3: כִּי עַל־יְדֵי הַגֵּאוּת, הוּא בְּחִינַת עֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים,
Scene 9 · §3.1: בְּלֹא וָא"ו נִשְׁאָר כְּבַד פֶּה,
Scene 10 · §3.3: וּכְשֶׁשּׁוֹמֵר הַבְּרִית, הוּא זוֹכֶה לָאוֹר הַמֵּאִיר לוֹ לִתְשׁוּבָה
Scene 11 · §4.4: הֵם בִּבְחִינַת מְלֶאכֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, הַיְנוּ מִשְׁכָּן בְּבִנְיָנֵהּ,
Scene 12 · §5.1: וּשְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית יֵשׁ בּוֹ שְׁנֵי בְּחִינוֹת:
Scene 13 · §7.3: 'יְהִי כְבוֹד ה' לְעוֹלָם'
Scene 14 · §8.2: צִפָּרְתָּא זֶה בְּחִינַת הַדִּבּוּר,
Scene 15 · §8.6: שֶׁהָיָה הָעֲנָוָה בִּשְׁבִיל גַּדְלוּת,
Scene 16 · §8.11: מִנְּפִילַת הַלְּבוּשׁ הַזֶּה נִתְהַוָּה הַגַּדְלוּת,
Scene 17 · §8.15: כִּי עִקַּר אֲרִיכַת הַגָּלוּת
Scene 18 · §8.16: אֲבָל אֵיךְ זוֹכִין לָזֶה, לְשַׁבֵּר הַגַּדְלוּת וְהַכָּבוֹד שֶׁל עַצְמוֹ לְגַמְרֵי,
Scene 19 · §9.4: וּכְבוֹדִי לְאַחֵר לֹא אֶתֵּן – זֶה בְּחִינַת כָּבוֹד בִּשְׁלֵמוּת,
Hebrew phrases in the 1-minute recap
Scene 2 · §1.4: מֵאִיר לוֹ הַדִּבּוּר בְּכָל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה,
Scene 3 · §2.1: שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כְּבוֹדוֹ לְאַיִן נֶגֶד כְּבוֹד הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ, הַיְנוּ עַל־יְדֵי עֲנָוָה וְקַטְנוּת.
Scene 4 · §7.7: נִמְצָא, שֶׁעַל־יְדֵי שְׁמִירַת הַבְּרִית
Scene 5 · §8.8: שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ עֲנָוִים בִּשְׁבִיל לְהִתְיַקֵּר וּלְהִתְכַּבֵּד,